Sports Medicine ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-03-06 , DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01820-5 William Hughes 1 , Robin Healy 1 , Mark Lyons 2 , Alan Nevill 3 , Clement Higginbotham 4 , Aoife Lane 1 , Kris Beattie 1
|
Background
There has been a rise in the participation, professionalism, and profile of female sports in recent years. Sprinting ability is an important quality for successful athletic performance in many female team sports. However, much of the research to date on improving sprint performance in team sports is derived from studies with male participants. Given the biological differences between the sexes, this may be problematic for practitioners when programming to enhance sprint performance in female team-sport athletes. Therefore, the aims of this systematic review were to investigate (1) the overall effect of lower body strength training on sprint performance, and (2) the effect of specific strength training modalities (i.e., reactive-; maximal-; combined-; special-strength) on sprint performance in female team-sport athletes.
Methods
An electronic database search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS to identify relevant articles. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to establish standardised mean difference with 95% confidence intervals and the magnitude and direction of the effect.
Results
Fifteen studies were included in the final analysis. The 15 studies represent a total sample size of 362 participants (intervention n = 190; control n = 172) comprising 17 intervention groups and 15 control groups. The overall effects revealed small improvements in sprint performance in favour of the experimental group over 0–10 m and moderate improvements over sprint distances of 0–20 m and 0–40 m. The magnitude of improvement in sprint performance was influenced by the strength modality (i.e., reactive-, maximal-, combined-, and special-strength) utilised in the intervention. Reactive- and combined-strength training methods had a greater effect than maximal- or special-strength modalities on sprint performance.
Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that, when compared with a control group (i.e., technical and tactical training), the different strength training modalities exhibited small to moderate improvements in sprint performance in female team-sport athletes. The results of a moderator analysis demonstrated that youth athletes (< 18 years) yielded a greater improvement in sprint performance compared with adults (≥ 18 years). This analysis also supports the use of a longer programme duration (> 8 weeks) with a higher total number of training sessions (> 12 sessions) to improve overall sprint performance. These results will serve to guide practitioners when programming to enhance sprint performance in female team-sport athletes.
中文翻译：
不同力量训练方式对女子团体运动运动员短跑成绩的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析
背景
近年来，女性运动的参与度、专业度和知名度都有所提高。在许多女子团体运动中，短跑能力是取得成功运动成绩的重要素质。然而，迄今为止，关于提高团队运动短跑成绩的大部分研究都来自对男性参与者的研究。考虑到两性之间的生物学差异，这对于从业者来说可能是个问题，因为他们需要通过编程来提高女性团队运动运动员的短跑表现。因此，本系统评价的目的是研究 (1) 下半身力量训练对短跑成绩的总体影响，以及 (2) 特定力量训练方式（即反应性训练、最大训练、联合训练、特殊训练）的影响-强度）对女性团队运动运动员的短跑表现。
方法
使用 PubMed、MEDLINE、SPORTDiscus、CINAHL、Cochrane 图书馆和 SCOPUS 执行电子数据库搜索以识别相关文章。进行了随机效应荟萃分析，以确定具有 95% 置信区间的标准化平均差以及效应的大小和方向。
结果
最终分析中纳入了 15 项研究。这 15 项研究代表了 362 名参与者的总样本量（干预n = 190；对照n = 172），包括 17 个干预组和 15 个对照组。总体效果显示，实验组在 0–10 m 的冲刺成绩上有小幅改善，在 0–20 m 和 0–40 m 的冲刺距离上有适度的改善。短跑成绩的改善幅度受干预中使用的力量模式（即反应性、最大、综合和特殊力量）的影响。反应式和综合力量训练方法比最大或特殊力量模式对短跑表现的影响更大。
结论
该系统回顾和荟萃分析表明，与对照组（即技术和战术训练）相比，不同的力量训练方式对女性团体运动运动员的短跑成绩表现出小到中等的改善。调节分析的结果表明，与成人（≥ 18 岁）相比，青年运动员（< 18 岁）在短跑成绩方面取得了更大的进步。该分析还支持使用更长的计划持续时间（> 8 周）和更多的培训课程（> 12 节）来提高整体冲刺表现。这些结果将有助于指导从业者进行编程以提高女性团队运动运动员的短跑成绩。
京公网安备 11010802027423号