Abstract. Soil salinity and sodicity caused by saline water irrigation are widely observed globally. Clay dispersion and swelling are influenced by sodium (Na⁺) concentration and electrical conductivity (EC) of soil solution. Specifically, soil potassium (K⁺) also significantly affects soil structural stability, but which concern was rarely addressed in previous studies or irrigation practices. A soil column experiment was carried out to examine the effects of saline water with different relative concentrations of K⁺ to Na⁺, including K⁺/Na⁺ of 0:1 (K0Na1), 1:1 (K1Na1), 1:0 (K1Na0) at a constant EC (4 dS m^-1), and deionized water as the control (CK), on soil physicochemical properties. The results indicated that at the constant EC of 4 dS m^-1, the infiltration rate and water content were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by K⁺/Na+ values, K0Na1, K1Na1 and K1Na0 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced saturated hydraulic conductivity by 43.62 %, 29.04 % and 18.06 % respectively compared with CK. The volumetric water content was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in K0Na1 than CK at both 15 and 30 cm soil depths. K1Na1 and K1Na0 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the desalination time and required leaching volume. K0Na1 and K1Na1 reached the desalination standard after the fifth and second infiltration, respectively, as K1Na0 did not exceed the bulk electrical conductivity required for desalination prerequisite throughout the whole infiltration cycle at 15 cm soil layer. Furthermore, due to the transformation of macropores into micropores spurred by clay dispersion, soil total porosity in K0Na1 dramatically decreased compared with CK, and K1Na0 even increased the proportion of soil macropores. The higher relative concentration of K⁺ to Na⁺ in applied water was more conducive to soil aggregate stability, alleviating the risk of macropores reduction caused by sodicity.

中文翻译：

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盐水中 K+ 相对于 Na+ 的较高相对浓度提高了土壤导水率、盐浸出效率和结构稳定性

摘要。全球广泛观察到咸水灌溉导致的土壤盐分和碱度。^{粘土的分散和膨胀受土壤溶液中钠 (Na +} ) 浓度和电导率 (EC)的影响。具体而言，土壤钾 (K ⁺ ) 也会显着影响土壤结构稳定性，但在以前的研究或灌溉实践中很少涉及这一问题。进行了土柱实验，考察了K ⁺对Na ⁺不同相对浓度的盐水的影响，包括K ⁺ /Na ⁺ 0:1 (K0Na1)、1:1 (K1Na1)、1:0 ( K1Na0) 在恒定 EC (4 dS m ^-1), 和去离子水作为对照 (CK), 对土壤理化性质的影响。^{结果表明，在EC为4 dS m -1}的情况下，入渗速率和含水量受K ^{+影响显着（P < 0.05）}/Na+ 值、K0Na1、K1Na1 和 K1Na0 与 CK 相比，饱和导水率分别显着（P < 0.05）降低 43.62 %、29.04 % 和 18.06 %。在 15 和 30 cm 土壤深度，K0Na1 的体积含水量显着（P < 0.05）高于 CK。K1Na1 和 K1Na0 显着 (P < 0.05) 减少了脱盐时间和所需的浸出量。K0Na1 和 K1Na1 分别在第 5 次和第 2 次入渗后达到脱盐标准，因为 K1Na0 在 15 cm 土层的整个入渗周期中均未超过脱盐前提条件所需的体积电导率。此外，由于粘土分散促使大孔向微孔转变，与 CK 相比，K0Na1 中的土壤总孔隙率显着降低，而K1Na0甚至增加了土壤大孔隙的比例。K的相对浓度较高⁺施用水中的Na ⁺更有利于土壤团聚体的稳定，减轻了碱度引起的大孔隙减少的风险。