Custodial suspects must be informed of their Miranda rights (Miranda v. Arizona, 1966) prior to police questioning. Since this landmark decision, scholars have rigorously studied Miranda comprehension and reasoning among vulnerable groups including those with intellectual disabilities (ID). However, the focus on ID has left arrestees with limited cognitive capacities (i.e., LCCs with IQs between 70 and 85) entirely overlooked. The current dataset addressed this oversight using a large (N = 820) sample of pretrial defendants who had completed the Standardized Assessment of Miranda Abilities (SAMA). Traditional (i.e., ID and no-ID) criterion groups were first analyzed with the standard error of measurement (SEM) removed. Second, a nuanced three-group framework included defendants with LCCs. Results indicate that LCC defendants are vulnerable to impaired Miranda comprehension (i.e., limited recall of the Miranda warning and deficits in Miranda-related vocabulary knowledge). Not surprisingly, their waiver decisions were often impaired by crucial misconceptions (e.g., seeing the investigating officers as beneficently on their side). The practical implications of these findings were underscored with respect to Constitutional safeguards for this critically important group, who have appeared to fall through the cracks in the criminal justice system.

中文翻译：

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陷入困境：未能识别认知能力有限的被告米兰达能力受损的情况

在警方审问之前，必须告知羁押嫌疑人其米兰达权利（米兰达诉亚利桑那州，1966 年）。自这一具有里程碑意义的决定以来，学者们对包括智障人士在内的弱势群体的米兰达理解和推理进行了严格研究。然而，对认知能力的关注完全忽视了认知能力有限的被捕者（即智商在 70 至 85 之间的 LCC）。当前的数据集使用大量（N  = 820）已完成米兰达能力标准化评估（SAMA）的审前被告样本来解决这一疏忽。首先分析传统（即 ID 和无 ID）标准组，并消除测量标准误差 (SEM)。其次，细致入微的三组框架包括低成本企业的被告。结果表明，LCC 被告很容易受到米兰达理解能力的损害（即对米兰达警告的回忆有限以及米兰达相关词汇知识的缺陷）。毫不奇怪，他们的豁免决定常常受到重大误解的影响（例如，认为调查官员善意地站在他们一边）。这些调查结果强调了对这一极其重要的群体的宪法保障的实际影响，这些群体似乎被刑事司法系统的漏洞所覆盖。