ABSTRACT

Humankind faces a Triple Challenge: averting dangerous climate change, reversing biodiversity loss, and supporting the wellbeing of a growing population. Action to address each of these issues is inherently dependent on action to address the others. Local, national, and international policy goals on climate change, biological diversity, and human wellbeing have been set. Current implementation measures are insufficient to meet these goals, but the Triple Challenge can still be met if governments, corporations, and other stakeholders take a holistic perspective on management of land and waters. To inform this effort, we identify a set of priority policy responses drawn from recent international assessments that, whilst not being the only potential solutions, can form the core of such a holistic approach. We do this through an iterative process using three methodological approaches: (i) structured literature review; (ii) deliberative expert analysis; and (iii) wider consultation, before synthesizing into this paper. Context-appropriate implementation of responses will be needed to capitalize on potential policy synergies and to ensure that unavoidable trade-offs between management of land and waters for climate mitigation, biodiversity restoration, and human wellbeing outcomes are made explicit. We also set out four approaches to managing trade-offs that can promote fair and just transitions: (1) social and economic policy pivoting towards ‘inclusive wealth’; (2) more integrated policymaking across the three areas; (3) ‘Triple Challenge dialogues’ among state and non-state actors; and (4) a new research portfolio to underpin (1), (2), and (3).

摘要

人类面临着三重挑战：避免危险的气候变化、扭转生物多样性丧失以及支持不断增长的人口的福祉。解决这些问题的行动本质上取决于解决其他问题的行动。已经制定了有关气候变化、生物多样性和人类福祉的地方、国家和国际政策目标。目前的实施措施不足以实现这些目标，但如果政府、企业和其他利益相关者从整体角度看待土地和水域管理，仍然可以应对三重挑战。为了为这项工作提供信息，我们从最近的国际评估中确定了一套优先政策应对措施，虽然不是唯一潜在的解决方案，但可以构成这种整体方法的核心。我们通过使用三种方法的迭代过程来做到这一点：（i）结构化文献综述；㈡ 专家审议分析；(iii) 在纳入本文件之前进行更广泛的磋商。需要根据具体情况实施应对措施，以利用潜在的政策协同作用，并确保在土地和水域管理与气候缓解、生物多样性恢复和人类福祉成果之间不可避免的权衡得到明确。我们还提出了四种管理权衡的方法，以促进公平和公正的转型：（1）以“包容性财富”为中心的社会和经济政策；(2) 三个领域的政策制定更加一体化；(3) 国家和非国家行为体之间的“三重挑战对话”；(4) 一个新的研究组合来支持 (1)、(2) 和 (3)。