Shield-out synchronous grouting is a new technology used to fill temporarily shield-out spaces between the strata and the shield when creating subterraneous tunnels. The grouting materials are called ‘clay shock’, which is soft, plastic, sticky and easily dispersed by using a pressurized jet. This study analyzes the mixing process of clay shock and backfill grouting material (inert slurry) and investigates the influence of clay shock on the inert slurry through laboratory testing. The findings show that the fluidity and bleeding rate of the inert slurry continuously decrease with the clay shock volume. The unconfined compressive strength and flexural strength of the inert slurry increase initially before decreasing with the clay shock volume ratio. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results reveal that the alkalinity of the clay shock initiates an alkali excitation reaction, which generates more gelling products and increases the strength of the inert slurry. Excessive clay shock causes the inert slurry to retain a loose and porous structure, which then decreases its strength. To ensure the effect of the inert slurry on settlement control, the grouting volume of the clay shock should not exceed one-fourth of the inert slurry volume.

中文翻译：

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盾构施工中粘土冲击对惰性泥浆的影响研究

盾构同步注浆是在开挖地下隧道时，用于临时填充地层与盾构之间的盾构空间的新技术。灌浆材料被称为“粘土冲击”，它柔软、可塑、粘稠，使用加压射流很容易分散。本研究分析了粘土冲击和回填灌浆材料（惰性浆料）的混合过程，并通过室内试验研究了粘土冲击对惰性浆料的影响。研究结果表明，惰性泥浆的流动性和泌水率随着粘土冲击体积的增加而不断降低。惰性泥浆的无侧限抗压强度和抗折强度随粘土冲击体积比的增加先升后降。X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜结果表明，粘土冲击的碱度引发碱激发反应，产生更多的胶凝产物并增加惰性浆料的强度。过度的粘土冲击会导致惰性浆料保持松散和多孔的结构，从而降低其强度。为保证惰性浆液控制沉降的效果，粘土冲击注浆量不应超过惰性浆液量的四分之一。