I argue that what speakers mean or express can be determined by their implicit or unconscious states, rather than explicit or conscious states. Further, on this basis, I show that the sincerity conditions for utterances can also be fixed by implicit states. This is a surprising result, which goes against common assumptions about speech acts and sincerity. Roughly, I argue that the result is implied by two plausible and independent theories of the metaphysics of speaker meaning and, further, that this is a robust basis on which to make an inference, with a fair degree of confidence, about the relationship between expression and implicit attitudes.

中文翻译：

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如何表达内隐态度

我认为说话者的意思或表达可以由他们的隐含或无意识状态决定，而不是由明确或有意识的状态决定。此外，在此基础上，我表明话语的诚意条件也可以由隐式状态确定。这是一个令人惊讶的结果，它违背了关于言语行为和诚意的普遍假设。粗略地说，我认为结果是由说话者意义形而上学的两个似是而非的独立理论所暗示的，而且，这是一个强有力的基础，可以以相当大的信心对表达之间的关系进行推断和含蓄的态度。