ABSTRACT

The conceptions of three kinds of knowledge in Buddhism and in Spinoza are compared. There are both similarities and differences in the two conceptions, both of which provide interesting insights into both traditions. The similarities are that the three kinds of knowledge represent a hierarchical structure, starting from the first kind, characterized by sense perception. The second kind for Spinoza is characterized by rational knowledge, which is comparable to the Buddhist second kind, which is about thinking through what one has heard. These two kinds lead to the third kind of knowledge, which in Spinoza is intuitive knowledge, and in Buddhism is knowledge by mental cultivation. In both traditions, these three kinds of knowledge lead to soteriological aims. Among the differences is that Spinoza presents his three kinds of knowledge through a series of axioms and proofs, whereas in Buddhism they form a guideline for the practitioner.

摘要

比较了佛教和斯宾诺莎对三种知识的概念。这两个概念既有相似之处也有不同之处，这两者都为两种传统提供了有趣的见解。相似之处在于，三种知识呈现出层次结构，从第一种开始，以感官知觉为特征。斯宾诺莎的第二类是以理性认识为特征的，可以与佛教的第二类相媲美，即对所听到的进行思考。这两种导致第三种知识，在斯宾诺莎那里是直觉知识，在佛教中是修心知识。在这两种传统中，这三种知识都导致救赎论的目标。