TSO-DSO coordination together with flexibility service pave the way for the grids to make the most of distributed energy resources while maintaining system secure operations. In T-D coordination, stemming from the diversity of distribution systems including sizes and renewable levels, vulnerable distribution systems may be placed in unfavorable working conditions under the same coordination with TSO. Also, the variance of coupling points affects transmission and distribution systems differently. This work proposes to formalize such heterogeneous effects, called “asymmetric reciprocal effects” (AREs), for the first time. AREs can be characterized through flexibility services and incorporated in T-D coordination to limit improper couplings that push the weaker DSO to its feasibility boundaries associated with long-term voltage stability and operational constraints including voltage and thermal thresholds. An advanced flexibility region construction technique is developed by leveraging the latest feasibility certificate using Kantorovich fixed-point theorem. AREs are then quantified using feasibility regularizers measuring the variations of feasibility regions of TSO and DSO due to coupling point fluctuation. A scalable approach based on statistics is also developed for AREs metrics. Simulation results of one-shot and 24 h optimal dispatch on single-TSO-multi-DSO model are presented to illustrate the concept and how AREs contribute to TSO-DSO coordination.

中文翻译：

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通过可行性正则化器在 TSO-DSO 协调中的不对称互惠效应和拥塞管理

TSO-DSO 协调与灵活性服务一起为电网在维护系统安全运行的同时充分利用分布式能源铺平了道路。在TD协调中，由于配电系统的多样性，包括规模和可再生水平，脆弱的配电系统可能在与TSO的相同协调下处于不利的工作条件。此外，耦合点的变化对输电和配电系统的影响也不同。这项工作首次提出将这种异质效应形式化，称为“不对称互惠效应”(AREs)。ARE 可以通过灵活性服务来表征，并纳入 TD 协调以限制不当耦合，这些耦合将较弱的 DSO 推向与长期电压稳定性和操作限制（包括电压和热阈值）相关的可行性边界。利用 Kantorovich 不动点定理的最新可行性证明，开发了一种先进的柔性区域构造技术。然后使用可行性正则化器量化 ARE，测量由于耦合点波动导致的 TSO 和 DSO 可行性区域的变化。还为 AREs 指标开发了一种基于统计的可扩展方法。给出了单 TSO-多 DSO 模型的一次性和 24 小时优化调度的仿真结果，以说明概念以及 ARE 如何促进 TSO-DSO 协调。