In this paper, a robust distribution system expansion planning (DSP) approach is presented to supply the load growth locally and move toward nearly zero energy local distribution areas (LDAs). In the proposed approach, a distribution system operator (DSO) is responsible for secure and optimum operation of LDAs. Therefore, investors on distribution system upgrades use this approach to maximize the profit on investments by determining the installation year of new distribution feeders and energy resources, distributed energy resource (DER) placements and sizes considered by corresponding DSOs. The accurate AC power flow solution is used and mathematical methods are developed to model the DSP as a quadratically constrained programming (QCP) problem. The Benders decomposition is applied to investigate the reliability and the optimality of the proposed plan and correspondingly modify the investment plan as required. The uncertainty of renewable DER forecast errors, locational marginal price (LMP) of an LDA at a transmission bus, and transactive power associated with a load bus is modeled using robust optimization. The proposed transactive DSP (TDSP) approach is implemented on the IEEE 33-bus distribution test system and the results are analyzed and validated. The proposed numerical results show the optimality and the robustness of the proposed approach.

中文翻译：

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考虑事务性 DSO 市场的鲁棒协调配电系统规划

在本文中，提出了一种稳健的配电系统扩展规划 (DSP) 方法来满足本地负载增长并向接近零能量的本地配电区域 (LDA) 移动。在提议的方法中，配电系统运营商 (DSO) 负责 LDA 的安全和最佳运行。因此，配电系统升级的投资者使用这种方法通过确定新配电馈线和能源的安装年份、分布式能源 (DER) 布局和相应 DSO 考虑的规模来最大化投资利润。使用精确的交流功率流解决方案并开发数学方法将 DSP 建模为二次约束规划 (QCP) 问题。Benders 分解用于调查所提出计划的可靠性和最优性，并根据需要相应地修改投资计划。可再生 DER 预测误差的不确定性、输电总线上 LDA 的位置边际价格 (LMP) 以及与负载总线相关的交易功率均使用稳健优化进行建模。拟议的事务性 DSP (TDSP) 方法在 IEEE 33 总线分布式测试系统上实施，并对结果进行了分析和验证。所提出的数值结果显示了所提出方法的最优性和鲁棒性。与负载总线相关的无功功率使用稳健优化建模。拟议的事务性 DSP (TDSP) 方法在 IEEE 33 总线分布式测试系统上实施，并对结果进行了分析和验证。所提出的数值结果显示了所提出方法的最优性和鲁棒性。与负载总线相关的无功功率使用稳健优化建模。拟议的事务性 DSP (TDSP) 方法在 IEEE 33 总线分布式测试系统上实施，并对结果进行了分析和验证。所提出的数值结果显示了所提出方法的最优性和鲁棒性。