The implementation of ecosystem management requires ecosystem modelling within the context of a natural resource management process. Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) is the most widely used modelling platform for investigating the dynamics of marine ecosystems, but has played a limited role in fisheries management and in multi-sector resource decision-making. We review 10 case studies that demonstrate the use of EwE to support operational resource management. EwE models are being used to inform tactical decision-making in fisheries and other ocean use sectors, as well as to identify key trade-offs, develop appropriate policy objectives, and reconcile conflicting legislative mandates in a variety of ecosystems. We suggest the following criteria to enhance the use of EwE and other ecosystem models in operational resource management: (1) a clear management objective that can be addressed through modelling; (2) an important trade-off and a receptive policy context amenable to trade-off evaluation; (3) an accessible and well-documented model that follows best practices; (4) early and iterative engagement among scientists, stakeholders, and managers; (5) integration within a collaborative management process; (6) a multi-model approach; and (7) a rigorous review process. Our review suggests that existing management frameworks are as much or more of a limitation to the operational use of EwE than technical issues related to data availability and model uncertainty. Ecosystem models are increasingly needed to facilitate more effective and transparent decision-making. We assert that the requisite conditions currently exist for enhanced strategic and tactical use of EwE to support fisheries and natural resource management.

中文翻译：

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策略性地使用生态系统模型来支持基于生态系统的渔业管理已经过去了：在运营管理环境中使用 Ecopath 和 Ecosim 的案例研究

生态系统管理的实施需要在自然资源管理过程的背景下进行生态系统建模。Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) 是用于研究海洋生态系统动态的最广泛使用的建模平台，但在渔业管理和多部门资源决策中发挥的作用有限。我们回顾了 10 个案例研究，这些案例研究展示了使用 EwE 来支持运营资源管理。EwE 模型正被用于为渔业和其他海洋利用部门的战术决策提供信息，以及确定关键权衡、制定适当的政策目标以及协调各种生态系统中相互冲突的立法授权。我们建议采用以下标准来加强 EwE 和其他生态系统模型在运营资源管理中的使用：(1) 可以通过建模解决的明确管理目标；(2) 重要的权衡和接受权衡评估的政策环境；(3) 遵循最佳实践的可访问且有据可查的模型；(4) 科学家、利益相关者和管理者之间的早期和反复参与；(5) 协作管理过程中的集成；(6) 多模型方法；(7) 严格的审查程序。我们的审查表明，与数据可用性和模型不确定性相关的技术问题相比，现有的管理框架对 EwE 的操作使用同样或更多的限制。越来越需要生态系统模型来促进更有效和透明的决策。