The recent advancements toward fast charging technology enable electric buses to be re-charged at bus stops during passengers’ boarding and alighting times. The costs of en-route charging can be substantially reduced through facility sharing among buses from multiple lines, which may, however, result in charging conflicts. This study investigates the charging infrastructure planning and scheduling for a battery electric bus (BEB) system, considering en-route charging and charging conflict avoidance. We introduced a station-based discrete-event approach to discretize the BEB operation system for an entire day. Subsequently, two models were established to determine the charging scheduling and infrastructure planning, which are further reformulated as linear mixed-integer programs. Dwelling times with- and without potential charging conflicts were distinguished in advance and processed separately to reduce the scale of the problem. Numerical examples demonstrated that the proposed models could be solved efficiently in a large BEB system, and cost-effective en-route charging is achievable.

快速充电技术的最新进展使电动公交车可以在乘客上下车期间在公交车站充电。通过在多条线路的公交车之间共享设施，可以大大降低途中充电的成本，但这可能会导致充电冲突。本研究调查了电池电动公交车 (BEB) 系统的充电基础设施规划和调度，同时考虑了途中充电和避免充电冲突。我们引入了一种基于站的离散事件方法来离散化一整天的 BEB 操作系统。随后，建立了两个模型来确定充电调度和基础设施规划，并进一步将其重新表述为线性混合整数规划。提前区分存在和不存在潜在充电冲突的驻留时间并分别处理，以减少问题的规模。数值示例表明，所提出的模型可以在大型 BEB 系统中有效求解，并且可以实现具有成本效益的航路收费。