The conventional view of crustal deformation in the reactivated Tianshan orogenic belt is strong north–south (NS) compression accommodated by a series of east–west (E–W)-striking thrust faults. Here, we record a non-negligible strike-slip component of present-day crustal deformation, that has not been previously been well-documented. Thus, we are able to constrain deformation and slip partitioning pattern associated with the ongoing India-Eurasia collision in the Tianshan region. In the Tianshan orogenic belt, three groups of structures of the E–W-striking faults, the ENE-striking faults and the NW-striking faults present different orientations and kinematics and control the present-day crustal deformation. In this study, we determine the kinematics and slip rates on major structural belts based on the global position system (GPS) data, and combine the active faults and tectonic geomorphology to quantify the slip partitioning in the Tianshan region. Our results reveal that the foreland thrust systems accommodate most of the crustal shortening, while the ENE-striking faults undergo left-lateral shear of ~6 mm/yr within the western Tianshan mountains and ~ 1–2 mm/yr within the middle and eastern Tianshan mountains. The active deformation caused by NNE-directed penetration of the Tarim Basin is partitioned onto low-angle thrust faulting in the foreland basins and high-angle sinistral thrust faulting in the range interior. We therefore suggest a mega-flower structure for the Tianshan orogenic belt. The NW-striking faults in the northern Tianshan demonstrate dominantly dextral faulting, which accommodates the residual strain across the Tianshan mountains, and are conjugate to the ENE-striking sinistral thrust faults. The tectonic deformation in the entire Tianshan region associated with the ongoing India-Eurasia collision involves thrust faulting, crustal shortening, conjugate strike-slip faulting and crustal rotation. The cold and strong lithospheric blocks embedded in the soft lithospheric Tianshan act as stable supporting units to localize strain, and their spatial distribution and scale drive the dynamic deformation and slip partitioning processes. Our study reveals certain crustal deformation patterns of left-lateral faulting and high strain zones in the Tianshan interior that were previously not well documented suggest the high seismic geohazard zones with the mountain range in addition to the foreland thrust systems.

天山再活动造山带地壳变形的常规观点是强烈的南北向（NS) 挤压由一系列东西向 (E-W) 走向的逆冲断层提供。在这里，我们记录了当今地壳变形的一个不可忽略的走滑分量，这在以前没有得到很好的记录。因此，我们能够限制与天山地区正在进行的印度-欧亚大陆碰撞相关的变形和滑动分区模式。天山造山带东西向断裂、东东向断裂和北西向断裂三组构造呈现出不同的方位和运动学特征，控制着现今的地壳形变。在这项研究中，我们基于全球定位系统（GPS）数据确定了主要构造带的运动学和滑动速率，并结合活动断裂和构造地貌来量化天山地区的滑动分区。我们的结果表明，前陆逆冲系统适应大部分地壳缩短，而 ENE 走向的断层在西天山内经历约 6 毫米/年的左旋剪切，在中东部经历约 1-2 毫米/年的左旋剪切天山山脉。塔里木盆地 NNE 向穿透引起的活动变形分为前陆盆地的低角度逆冲断层和山脉内部的高角度左旋逆冲断层。因此，我们建议天山造山带存在巨型花结构。北天山北西向断层以右旋断层为主，容纳横跨天山的残余应变，与东东向左逆冲断层共轭。与正在进行的印度-欧亚大陆碰撞相关的整个天山地区的构造变形包括逆冲断层、地壳缩短、共轭走滑断层和地壳旋转。嵌入软岩石圈天山的冷强岩石圈块体作为局部应变的稳定支撑单元，其空间分布和规模驱动动态变形和滑移分区过程。我们的研究揭示了天山内部左旋断层和高应变带的某些地壳变形模式，这些模式以前没有得到很好的记录，这表明除了前陆逆冲系统之外，还有山脉的高地震地质灾害带。嵌入软岩石圈天山的冷强岩石圈块体作为局部应变的稳定支撑单元，其空间分布和规模驱动动态变形和滑移分区过程。我们的研究揭示了天山内部左旋断层和高应变带的某些地壳变形模式，这些模式以前没有得到很好的记录，这表明除了前陆逆冲系统之外，还有山脉的高地震地质灾害带。嵌入软岩石圈天山的冷强岩石圈块体作为局部应变的稳定支撑单元，其空间分布和规模驱动动态变形和滑移分区过程。我们的研究揭示了天山内部左旋断层和高应变带的某些地壳变形模式，这些模式以前没有得到很好的记录，这表明除了前陆逆冲系统之外，还有山脉的高地震地质灾害带。