This article investigates the economic viability of replacing the high-voltage battery pack of a power-split hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) by estimating the impact of battery aging on the fuel economy, drivability capability, and electric range. The HEV is modeled first, an optimal energy management strategy based on dynamic programming is then implemented, and experimental characterization data for the battery cell is presented. The batteries are tested to a heavily aged state, with up to an 84% loss of capacity. The battery pack payback period is estimated by assessing the vehicle operative costs in terms of fuel and electricity as obtained through numerical simulations as a function of battery aging. Replacing the battery pack at the conventional end-of-life limit of 80% residual capacity is suggested not to be convenient from an economic standpoint for both the HEV and the PHEV. On the other hand, acceptable payback periods (i.e., 2–5 years) can be achieved for the battery pack when being replaced at 20% to 40% residual capacity. The proposed methodology can be implemented to advise an HEV or PHEV user regarding the benefit of replacing the battery pack due to excessive aging.

中文翻译：

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混合动力和插电式混合动力电动汽车电池组更换的经济回收时间


本文通过评估电池老化对燃油经济性、驾驶能力的影响，研究了更换功率分流式混合动力电动汽车 (HEV) 和插电式混合动力电动汽车 (PHEV) 高压电池组的经济可行性和电动范围。首先对 HEV 进行建模，然后实施基于动态规划的最优能量管理策略，并提供电池单元的实验特性数据。电池经测试处于严重老化状态，容量损失高达 84%。电池组投资回收期是通过评估车辆的燃料和电力运营成本来估计的，该成本是通过数值模拟获得的，作为电池老化的函数。对于 HEV 和 PHEV 而言，从经济角度来看，建议在剩余容量 80% 的传统寿命终止时更换电池组并不方便。另一方面，当电池组在剩余容量为 20% 至 40% 时更换时，可以实现可接受的投资回收期（即 2-5 年）。所提出的方法可以用来向 HEV 或 PHEV 用户提供关于更换过度老化电池组的好处的建议。