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Four pillars are required to support a successful biocontrol fungus
Pest Management Science ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2023-02-21 , DOI: 10.1002/ps.7417 Jonathan Gressel 1
Pest Management Science ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2023-02-21 , DOI: 10.1002/ps.7417 Jonathan Gressel 1
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Despite biocontrol conceptually being a useful way to control specific pests, there are very few products that are used beyond the glasshouse level, into the field. Only if organisms meet four criteria (four pillars) will they be widely used in the field to replace or augment conventional agrichemicals. (i) The virulence of the biocontrol agent must be enhanced to overcome evolutionary barriers either by mixing with synergistic chemicals or with one or more organisms, and/or by mutagenic or transgenic enhancing of virulence of the biocontrol fungus. (ii) Inoculum production must be cost-effective; many inocula are produced by expensive, labour-intensive solid-phase fermentation. (iii) Inocula must be formulated both to have long shelf life of inocula as well as being formulated to establish on, and control the target pest. Usually spores are formulated, while chopped mycelia from liquid culture are cheaper to produce and are immediately active upon application. (iv) After fulfilling these three criteria, the product must be biosafe: not produce mammalian toxins that affect users and consumers, and have a host range that does not include crops and beneficial organisms, and in most cases that it will not spread from application sites or have environmental residues beyond those needed to control the target pest. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
中文翻译：
成功的生物防治真菌需要四大支柱
尽管从概念上讲，生物防治是控制特定害虫的有效方法，但很少有产品在温室之外使用到田间。只有当生物体满足四个标准（四个支柱）时，它们才会被广泛应用于该领域，以取代或增强传统农用化学品。 (i)必须通过与协同化学品或与一种或多种生物体混合和/或通过诱变或转基因增强生物防治真菌的毒力来增强生物防治剂的毒力以克服进化障碍。 (ii) 接种物生产必须具有成本效益；许多接种物是通过昂贵、劳动密集型的固相发酵生产的。 (iii) 接种物的配制必须既具有较长的接种物保质期，又要能够定植并控制目标害虫。通常孢子是配制的，而液体培养物切碎的菌丝体生产成本更低，并且在应用后立即活跃。 (iv) 满足这三个标准后，产品必须是生物安全的：不产生影响使用者和消费者的哺乳动物毒素，宿主范围不包括农作物和有益生物，并且在大多数情况下不会因使用而传播或具有超出控制目标害虫所需的环境残留物。 © 2023 化学工业协会。
更新日期：2023-02-21
中文翻译：
成功的生物防治真菌需要四大支柱
尽管从概念上讲，生物防治是控制特定害虫的有效方法，但很少有产品在温室之外使用到田间。只有当生物体满足四个标准（四个支柱）时，它们才会被广泛应用于该领域，以取代或增强传统农用化学品。 (i)必须通过与协同化学品或与一种或多种生物体混合和/或通过诱变或转基因增强生物防治真菌的毒力来增强生物防治剂的毒力以克服进化障碍。 (ii) 接种物生产必须具有成本效益；许多接种物是通过昂贵、劳动密集型的固相发酵生产的。 (iii) 接种物的配制必须既具有较长的接种物保质期，又要能够定植并控制目标害虫。通常孢子是配制的，而液体培养物切碎的菌丝体生产成本更低，并且在应用后立即活跃。 (iv) 满足这三个标准后，产品必须是生物安全的：不产生影响使用者和消费者的哺乳动物毒素，宿主范围不包括农作物和有益生物，并且在大多数情况下不会因使用而传播或具有超出控制目标害虫所需的环境残留物。 © 2023 化学工业协会。
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