Anhedonia, a lack of pleasure in things an individual once enjoyed, and rumination, the process of perseverative and repetitive attention to specific thoughts, are hallmark features of depression. Though these both contribute to the same debilitating disorder, they have often been studied independently and through different theoretical lenses (e.g., biological vs. cognitive). Cognitive theories and research on rumination have largely focused on understanding negative affect in depression with much less focus on the etiology and maintenance of anhedonia. In this paper, we argue that by examining the relation between cognitive constructs and deficits in positive affect, we may better understand anhedonia in depression thereby improving prevention and intervention efforts. We review the extant literature on cognitive deficits in depression and discuss how these dysfunctions may not only lead to sustained negative affect but, importantly, interfere with an ability to attend to social and environmental cues that could restore positive affect. Specifically, we discuss how rumination is associated to deficits in working memory and propose that these deficits in working memory may contribute to anhedonia in depression. We further argue that analytical approaches such as computational modeling are needed to study these questions and, finally, discuss implications for treatment.

快感缺乏，对个人曾经享受的事物缺乏乐趣，以及沉思，对特定思想的持续和重复关注的过程，是抑郁症的标志性特征。尽管这两者都会导致相同的衰弱性疾病，但它们通常是通过不同的理论视角（例如，生物学与认知）独立研究的。关于反刍的认知理论和研究主要集中在理解抑郁症的负面影响上，而很少关注快感缺乏的病因和维持。在本文中，我们认为通过检查认知结构与积极情绪缺陷之间的关系，我们可以更好地理解抑郁症中的快感缺乏，从而改善预防和干预工作。我们回顾了关于抑郁症认知缺陷的现有文献，并讨论了这些功能障碍如何不仅会导致持续的负面影响，而且更重要的是，会干扰关注可以恢复积极影响的社会和环境线索的能力。具体来说，我们讨论了反刍如何与工作记忆缺陷相关联，并提出这些工作记忆缺陷可能导致抑郁症中的快感缺乏。我们进一步认为，需要使用计算建模等分析方法来研究这些问题，并最终讨论对治疗的影响。我们讨论了反刍是如何与工作记忆缺陷相关联的，并提出这些工作记忆缺陷可能会导致抑郁症中的快感缺乏。我们进一步认为，需要使用计算建模等分析方法来研究这些问题，并最终讨论对治疗的影响。我们讨论了反刍是如何与工作记忆缺陷相关联的，并提出这些工作记忆缺陷可能会导致抑郁症中的快感缺乏。我们进一步认为，需要使用计算建模等分析方法来研究这些问题，并最终讨论对治疗的影响。