Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is a relatively efficient and clean alternative to flooding workpiece machining. Electrostatic atomization has the merits of small droplet diameter, high uniformity of droplet size, and strong coating, hence its superiority to pneumatic atomization. However, as the current research hotspot, the influence of jet parameters and electrical parameters on the average diameter of droplets is not clear. First, by observing the shape of the liquid film at the nozzle outlet, the influence law of air pressure and voltage on liquid film thickness (h) and transverse and longitudinal fluctuations are determined. Then, the mathematical model of charged droplet volume average diameter (VAD) is constructed based on three dimensions of the liquid film, namely its thickness, transverse wavelength (λ_h), and longitudinal wavelength (λ_z). The model results under different working conditions are obtained by numerical simulation. Comparisons of the model results with the experimental VAD of the droplet confirm the error of the mathematical model to be less than 10%. The droplet diameter distribution span value Rosin-Rammler distribution span (R.S) and percentage concentrations of PM10 (particle size of less than 10 µm)/PM2.5 (particle size of less than 2.5 µm) under different working conditions are further analyzed. The results show that electrostatic atomization not only reduces the diameter distribution span of atomized droplets but also significantly inhibits the formation of PM10 and PM2.5 fine-suspension droplets. When the air pressure is 0.3 MPa, and the voltage is 40 kV, the percentage concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 can be reduced by 80.72% and 92.05%, respectively, compared with that under the pure pneumatic atomization condition at 0.3 MPa.

微量润滑 (MQL) 是一种相对高效且清洁的浸没式工件加工替代方案。静电雾化具有雾滴直径小、雾滴大小均匀性高、涂层牢固等优点，比气动雾化具有优越性。然而，作为当前的研究热点，射流参数和电参数对液滴平均直径的影响尚不清楚。首先，通过观察喷嘴出口处的液膜形状，得出气压和电压对液膜厚度（h）并确定横向和纵向波动。然后，基于液膜的厚度、横向波长( λ h )和纵向_波长( λ _{z )三个维度，构建了带电液滴体积平均直径(VAD)的数学模型。}）。通过数值模拟得到了不同工况下的模型结果。将模型结果与液滴实验VAD进行比较，证实数学模型的误差小于10%。进一步分析了不同工况下的雾滴直径分布跨度值Rosin-Rammler分布跨度（RS）和PM10（粒径小于10μm）/PM2.5（粒径小于2.5μm）的百分比浓度。结果表明，静电雾化不仅减小了雾化液滴的直径分布跨度，而且显着抑制了PM10和PM2.5细悬浮液滴的形成。当气压为0.3 MPa、电压为40 kV时，PM10和PM2.5的百分比浓度分别可降低80.72%和92.05%，