Working from Home (WFH) is emerging as a critical measure for reducing transport demand. Indeed, the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed that trip avoidance measures, especially WFH, could help address Sustainable Development Goal 11.2 (creating sustainable transport systems in cities) by decreasing commuter trips by private motor vehicles. This study aimed to explore and identify the attributes that supported WFH during the pandemic and construct a Social-Ecological Model (SEM) of WFH within the context of travel behaviour. We conducted in-depth interviews with 19 stakeholders from Melbourne, Australia and found that WFH during COVID-19 has fundamentally changed commuter travel behaviour. There was a consensus among participants that a hybrid-work model will emerge post-COVID-19 (e.g., working three days in the office and two days at home). We identified 21 attributes that influenced WFH and mapped these attributes across the five traditional SEM levels (intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, community and public policy). In addition, we proposed a sixth higher-order level: “global”, to reflect the worldwide phenomena of COVID-19 and computer programs that also supported WFH. We found that WFH attributes were concentrated at the intrapersonal (individual) and institutional (workplace) levels. Indeed, workplaces are key to supporting WFH in the long-term. Whereby, workplace provision of laptops, office equipment, internet connection and flexible work policies enable WFH, and unsupportive organisational cultures and managers are potential barriers to WFH. This SEM of WFH benefits both researchers and practitioners by providing guidance of the key attributes required to sustain WFH behaviours post-COVID-19.

在家工作 (WFH) 正在成为减少交通需求的一项关键措施。事实上，COVID-19 大流行表明，避免出行措施，尤其是在家办公，可以通过减少私人机动车辆的通勤出行来帮助实现可持续发展目标 11.2（在城市中创建可持续交通系统）。本研究旨在探索和确定大流行期间支持在家办公的属性，并在旅行行为的背景下构建在家办公的社会生态模型（SEM）。我们对来自澳大利亚墨尔本的 19 位利益相关者进行了深入访谈，发现 COVID-19 期间的在家办公从根本上改变了通勤出行行为。与会者一致认为，新型冠状病毒肺炎 (COVID-19) 后将出现混合工作模式（例如，在办公室工作三天，在家工作两天）。我们确定了影响 WFH 的 21 个属性，并将这些属性映射到五个传统 SEM 级别（个人内部、人际、机构、社区和公共政策）。此外，我们提出了第六个更高的层次：“全球”，以反映全球范围内的 COVID-19 现象以及支持 WFH 的计算机程序。我们发现在家办公属性集中在个人（个人）和机构（工作场所）层面。事实上，从长远来看，工作场所是支持在家办公的关键。因此，工作场所提供的笔记本电脑、办公设备、互联网连接和灵活的工作政策使在家办公成为可能，而不支持的组织文化和管理者则是在家办公的潜在障碍。 WFH 的 SEM 提供了在 COVID-19 后维持 WFH 行为所需的关键属性的指导，使研究人员和从业者都受益。