The swash zone largely influences nearshore hydrodynamics and morphodynamics through dissipating or reflecting wave energy and controlling whether sediment will be stored on the upper beach or returned to the inner surf zone. It is a region where active beach accretion and erosion occur and beach protection measures such as sand nourishments are often placed. Hence, proper prediction of swash zone beach evolution is required to evaluate beach management scenarios. This paper describes the advances related to swash zone sand transport processes and morphodynamics. We discuss the effects of a variety of physical processes and factors (e.g. bore turbulence, pre-suspended sediment advection, wave-swash interactions, infragravity waves, in−/exfiltration, pressure gradient and bed slope) on sand transport in the swash zone. We then focus on practical models of swash zone sand transport which are appropriate for predicting longer term (days to years) beach evolutions. Three types of practical models, i.e. empirical sand transport formulae, sand transport distribution methods and equilibrium models, are identified. The strengths and limitations of these practical models are discussed. The empirical sand transport formulae include the intra-swash formulae and swash-averaged formulae. The intra-swash formulae are more physics-based and can take physical processes into account more explicitly. However, upscaling of them for modelling sand transport and morphological changes over tidal cycles or longer term is problematic due to the difficulty in obtaining reliable and accurate instantaneous swash hydrodynamics(e.g. flow velocities) and due to the error propagation. Swash-averaged formulae can be more suitable for predicting longer-term morphological changes while they still require better parameterisations of important physical processes (e.g. wave-swash interactions). Sand transport distribution methods generally work reasonably well for beach erosion under energetic wave conditions whereas they have the inability to predict the beach recovery under mild wave conditions. Equilibrium models show a potential for predicting the beach evolution under both erosive and accretive conditions well. The equilibrium slope appears to be an essential factor that largely determines the performance of the equilibrium models. This equilibrium slope should depend on wave conditions and sediment characteristics, and a quantitative relationship between them needs further research in order to make the equilibrium models more predictive.

冲刷区通过消散或反射波浪能量以及控制沉积物是储存在上滩还是返回内浪区，在很大程度上影响近岸流体动力学和形态动力学。为滩涂淤积、侵蚀活跃地区，常采取养沙等护滩措施。因此，需要对冲刷区海滩演化进行适当预测，以评估海滩管理方案。本文介绍了与斜坡带输沙过程和形态动力学相关的进展。我们讨论了各种物理过程和因素（例如钻孔湍流、预悬浮沉积物平流、波-冲刷相互作用、次重力波、渗入/渗出、压力梯度和河床坡度）对冲刷区沙子输送的影响。然后，我们将重点放在适用于预测长期（数天到数年）海滩演化的斜坡带输沙实用模型上。确定了三种实用模型，即经验输沙公式、输沙分配方法和平衡模型。讨论了这些实用模型的优点和局限性。经验输沙公式包括斜盘内公式和斜盘平均公式。intra-swash 公式更基于物理学，可以更明确地考虑物理过程。然而，由于难以获得可靠和准确的瞬时冲洗流体动力学（例如流速）并且由于误差传播，将它们放大以模拟潮汐周期或更长期的沙子传输和形态变化是有问题的。Swash-averaged 公式可能更适合预测长期形态变化，同时它们仍然需要更好地对重要物理过程（例如波-swash 相互作用）进行参数化。沙子传输分布方法通常在高能波浪条件下对海滩侵蚀相当有效，但它们无法预测温和波浪条件下的海滩恢复。平衡模型显示了在侵蚀和增生条件下预测海滩演变的潜力。平衡斜率似乎是一个重要因素，它在很大程度上决定了平衡模型的性能。该平衡斜率应取决于波浪条件和沉积物特征，