Understanding soil phosphorus (P) transformation and turnover under various fertilization managements is important for evaluating sustainable P fertility and potential bioavailability in agriculture managements. Thus, long-term fertilization experiments (∼ 38 years) with the application of different inorganic and organic fertilizers in paddy red soils were conducted to determine the effect of different fertilizer applications on P pool accumulation and microbial communities, especially for phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs). Long-term inorganic P (IP) fertilization increased the concentrations of total P (TP) (∼ 479 mg kg⁻¹), available P (AP) (∼ 417 mg kg⁻¹) and inorganic P (∼ 18 mg kg⁻¹), but manure fertilization accelerated the accumulation of organic P, especially for orthophosphate monoesters (e.g., myo-IHP, ∼ 12 mg kg⁻¹). Long-term mineral fertilization decreased bacterial richness, evenness and complexation of bacterial networks. In contrast, long-term manure fertilization and rhizosphere accumulated more amounts of total carbon, total nitrogen, and organic carbon, as well as regulated the soil pH, thus improving the separation of bacterial communities. Furthermore, PSM compositions were greatly influenced by fertilization managements and rhizosphere. For example, inorganic P fertilization increased the abundance of Thiobacillus (i.e., the most abundant phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in this study) and shifted the community structure of PSB. Correspondingly, the concentrations of inorganic and total P were the key factors for the variation of the PSB community structure. These findings are beneficial for understanding the variation of inorganic and organic P pools and the microbial community, especially for PSMs under long-term inorganic and/or organic fertilization.

中文翻译：

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长期矿肥施肥对水稻红壤磷物质积累和解磷微生物的作用

了解各种施肥管理下土壤磷 (P) 的转化和周转对于评估农业管理中的可持续磷肥力和潜在生物利用度非常重要。 因此，进行了在水稻红壤中施用不同无机和有机肥料的长期施肥实验（~ 38 年），以确定不同施肥对磷库积累和微生物群落的影响，特别是对解磷微生物的影响（ PSM）。长期无机磷 (IP) 施肥增加了总磷 (TP) ( ∼  479 mg kg ⁻¹ )、有效磷 (AP) ( ∼  417 mg kg ⁻¹ ) 和无机磷 ( ∼ 18 mg kg ^-1），但粪肥施肥加速了有机磷的积累，尤其是正磷酸单酯（例如，myo-IHP，~  12 mg kg ^-1）。长期的矿物施肥降低了细菌网络的细菌丰富度、均匀度和复合度。相比之下，长期施肥和根际积累了更多的总碳、总氮和有机碳，并调节了土壤 pH 值，从而改善了细菌群落的分离。此外，PSM 组成受施肥管理和根际影响很大。例如，无机磷施肥增加了硫杆菌的丰度（即本研究中最丰富的解磷细菌 (PSB)）并改变了 PSB 的群落结构。相应地，无机磷和全磷浓度是影响PSB群落结构变化的关键因素。这些发现有助于了解无机和有机磷库和微生物群落的变化，特别是对于长期无机和/或有机施肥下的 PSM。