Emissions from real-world driving are often higher than estimated emission levels based on Euro emissions standards and type-approval tests. Consequently, the air quality in cities has not improved as originally anticipated from fleet renewal and stringent emission regulations for newer vehicles. This paper presents the real-world emission factors (EFs) for in-use cars, taxis, vans, and buses obtained using on-road remote sensing in Dublin city, Ireland. EFs from both petrol and diesel Euro 6 vehicles were significantly improved compared to the EFs of older emission standard vehicles. The analyses indicated that the presence of a few high emitting older vehicles skewed the overall distribution of EFs. Detailed description of variations in EFs for individual pollutants based on changes in emission standards, location, and other driving characteristics were studied and reported, which provide justification for implementing policies targeting fleet renewal.

现实世界驾驶产生的排放物通常高于根据欧洲排放标准和型式认可测试估算的排放水平。因此，城市的空气质量并没有像最初预期的那样因更新车辆的车队更新和严格的排放法规而得到改善。本文介绍了在爱尔兰都柏林市使用道路遥感获得的在用汽车、出租车、货车和公共汽车的真实世界排放因子 (EF)。与旧排放标准车辆的 EF 相比，汽油和柴油 Euro 6 车辆的 EF 均有显着改善。分析表明，一些高排放老旧车辆的存在扭曲了 EF 的整体分布。基于排放标准、位置、