An online monitoring technique was developed to continuously estimate the remaining fatigue life of a padeye. Piezoceramic ultrasonic transducers were surface-mounted on the padeye for ultrasound generation and sensing. A fatigue index is defined and calculated from the experimentally measured nonlinear ultrasonic modulation components. The fatigue index is also derived as a simple power function of the loading cycles based on the Nazarov–Sutin and Paris–Erdogan theories. Then, the remaining fatigue life is estimated and continuously updated by fitting the power function to the ultrasonic modulation data accumulated up to the present time.

中文翻译：

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基于非线性超声调制的弯曲钢连接在线剩余疲劳寿命估计

开发了一种在线监测技术，以连续估算眼板的剩余疲劳寿命。压电陶瓷超声波换能器表面安装在用于超声波生成和传感的耳膜上。疲劳指数是根据实验测量的非线性超声调制分量定义和计算的。疲劳指数也作为基于 Nazarov–Sutin 和 Paris–Erdogan 理论的加载循环的简单幂函数导出。然后，通过将幂函数拟合到目前为止积累的超声波调制数据来估计并持续更新剩余疲劳寿命。