Gut microbiota is the largest and most complex microflora in the human body, which plays a crucial role in human health and disease. Over the past 20 years, the bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and extra-intestinal organs has been extensively studied. A better comprehension of the alternative mechanisms for physiological and pathophysiological processes could pave the way for health. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most common diseases that seriously threatens human health. Although previous studies have shown that cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, hypertension, and coronary atherosclerosis, are closely related to gut microbiota, limited understanding of the complex pathogenesis leads to poor effectiveness of clinical treatment. Dysregulation of inflammation always accounts for the damaged gastrointestinal function and deranged interaction with the cardiovascular system. This review focuses on the characteristics of gut microbiota in CVD and the significance of inflammation regulation during the whole process. In addition, strategies to prevent and treat CVD through proper regulation of gut microbiota and its metabolites are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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炎症反应：肠道微生物调节心血管疾病的重要途径

肠道菌群是人体内最大、最复杂的微生物群，在人类健康和疾病中发挥着至关重要的作用。在过去的 20 年里，肠道微生物群与肠外器官之间的双向通讯得到了广泛的研究。更好地理解生理和病理生理过程的替代机制可以为健康铺平道路。心血管疾病（CVD）是严重威胁人类健康的最常见疾病之一。尽管既往研究表明心力衰竭、高血压、冠状动脉粥样硬化等心血管疾病与肠道菌群密切相关，但对其复杂发病机制的了解有限，导致临床治疗效果不佳。炎症失调总是导致胃肠功能受损以及与心血管系统相互作用紊乱的原因。本文重点阐述CVD中肠道菌群的特征以及整个过程中炎症调节的意义。此外，还讨论了通过适当调节肠道微生物群及其代谢物来预防和治疗心血管疾病的策略。