This article explores the vision, process, and reaction to the privatization of Mapuche lands in Araucanía, Chile, from 1871 to 1916. It shows how politicians developed a racial vision for Araucanía between 1871 and 1882 during the final battle with independent Mapuche forces. Chilean government officials and elite societies created land policies that targeted the removal of indigenous populations from fertile lands to expand industrial agriculture by favoring large Chilean-owned estates and partitioning small to medium-sized plots to European settler-farmers. From 1883 to 1896, the Chilean government put its vision into practice, investing in the recruitment of European farmers and reconsidering new laws regarding colonization, land rights, and indigenous settlements. However, after the 1891 civil war, the government retreated from expensive state-building projects. From 1896 to 1916, Chilean small farmers intensified land grabs and, in response, indigenous communities formed organizations to defend their lands. At the core of the conflict were the issues of land and racialized policies that defined land access. By examining laws, government reports, missionary chronicles, and indigenous writings, this article demonstrates the progression of a racialized language that excluded indigenous peoples from their lands, founded in the desire to privatize native lands and accelerate the making of a modern Europeanized nation.

本文探讨了 1871 年至 1916 年智利阿劳卡尼亚马普切土地私有化的愿景、过程和反应。它展示了政治家如何在 1871 年至 1882 年与独立的马普切军队的最后战斗中为阿劳卡尼亚制定种族愿景。智利政府官员和精英社会制定了土地政策，旨在通过支持大型智利人拥有的庄园并将中小型地块划分给欧洲定居者农民，将土著居民从肥沃的土地上迁走，以扩大工业化农业。从 1883 年到 1896 年，智利政府将其愿景付诸实践，投资招募欧洲农民，并重新考虑有关殖民化、土地权利和土著定居点的新法律。然而，在 1891 年内战之后，政府退出了昂贵的国家建设项目。从 1896 年到 1916 年，智利的小农加强了对土地的掠夺，作为回应，土著社区成立了组织来保卫他们的土地。冲突的核心是土地问题和定义土地使用权的种族化政策。通过研究法律、政府报告、传教士编年史和土著著作，本文展示了一种种族化语言的发展，这种语言将土著人民排除在他们的土地之外，这种语言建立在将土著土地私有化和加速建立现代欧洲化国家的愿望之上。冲突的核心是土地问题和定义土地使用权的种族化政策。通过研究法律、政府报告、传教士编年史和土著著作，本文展示了一种种族化语言的发展，这种语言将土著人民排除在他们的土地之外，这种语言建立在将土著土地私有化和加速建立现代欧洲化国家的愿望之上。冲突的核心是土地问题和定义土地使用权的种族化政策。通过研究法律、政府报告、传教士编年史和土著著作，本文展示了一种种族化语言的发展，这种语言将土著人民排除在他们的土地之外，这种语言建立在将土著土地私有化和加速建立现代欧洲化国家的愿望之上。