A large body of evidence generated in the last two and a half years addresses the roles of T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and following vaccination. Infection or vaccination induces multi-epitope CD4 and CD8 T cell responses with polyfunctionality. Early T cell responses have been associated with mild COVID-19 outcomes. In concert with animal model data, these results suggest that while antibody responses are key to prevent infection, T cell responses may also play valuable roles in reducing disease severity and controlling infection. T cell memory after vaccination is sustained for at least six months. While neutralizing antibody responses are impacted by SARS-CoV-2 variants, most CD4 and CD8 T cell responses are preserved. This review highlights the extensive progress made, and the data and knowledge gaps that remain, in our understanding of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccines.

中文翻译：

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T 细胞对 SARS-CoV-2 的反应

过去两年半产生的大量证据阐述了 T 细胞在 SARS-CoV-2 感染和疫苗接种后的作用。感染或疫苗接种可诱导具有多功能性的多表位 CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞反应。早期 T 细胞反应与轻微的 COVID-19 结局相关。与动物模型数据相一致，这些结果表明，虽然抗体反应是预防感染的关键，但 T 细胞反应也可能在降低疾病严重程度和控制感染方面发挥重要作用。接种疫苗后，T 细胞记忆可维持至少六个月。虽然中和抗体反应受到 SARS-CoV-2 变体的影响，但大多数 CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞反应得以保留。本综述强调了我们在了解 T 细胞对 SARS-CoV-2 和 COVID-19 疫苗反应方面所取得的广泛进展以及仍然存在的数据和知识差距。