Urban greenspace (UGS) is important for human wellbeing, particularly physical and mental health, and is claimed to support social cohesion. However, the expansion and densification of urban centres in recent decades has occurred largely at the expense of UGS. This risks its attractiveness for users. Although recent research has identified various factors that influence the use of UGS in different contexts, few studies have taken an explicit, bottom-up approach to understand which factors constrain willingness to use it. This study analyses responses from an online survey in Sweden (N = 2806) to identify the main constraints to UGS usage, and for whom these are constraints. Respondents could select from 22 different types of constraints – relating to incivilities, management, accessibility and availability, safety, and personal issues. Respondents could also provide comments to identify additional constraints. Incivilities were the most perceived problem. For example, litter was selected by 53% of respondents, while vandalism was selected by 24%. At the same time, many respondents perceived few or no constraints – 59% stated that nothing prevented them from using UGS, while 35% stated that they saw no problems. Safety-related and accessibility/availability constraints were not strongly identified although many respondents commented that UGS in Sweden is inadequate given the large number of users, and that the UGS that people want to use the most is often inaccessible without a car. Multiple binary logistic regression was used to investigate relationships between perceptions of constraints and fourteen predictor variables. Odds ratios were used to determine whether significant (p < 0.05) relationships were meaningful. Our findings show that different groups have starkly divergent perceptions of constraints relating to UGS. Several key factors – including age, self-reported nature-connectedness, distance to UGS, and frequency of use – were associated with a heightened likelihood of perceiving different groups of constraints. However, relationships between constraints and factors relating to environmental justice were not straightforward. These findings indicate the complexity of UGS planning challenges relating to densification, the New Urban Agenda and promotion of societal benefits, and a need to further integrate multiple user perspectives, especially of younger adults and infrequent users.

城市绿地 (UGS) 对人类福祉非常重要，尤其是身心健康，据称可以支持社会凝聚力。然而，近几十年来城市中心的扩张和致密化在很大程度上是以 UGS 为代价的。这冒着它对用户的吸引力的风险。尽管最近的研究已经确定了影响 UGS 在不同情况下使用的各种因素，但很少有研究采用明确的、自下而上的方法来了解哪些因素限制了使用它的意愿。本研究分析了瑞典在线调查 (N = 2806) 的回复，以确定 UGS 使用的主要制约因素，以及这些制约因素针对的对象。受访者可以从 22 种不同类型的约束中进行选择——与不礼貌、管理、可及性和可用性、安全以及个人问题有关。受访者还可以提供评论以确定额外的限制。粗鲁无礼是最明显的问题。例如，53% 的受访者选择了垃圾，而 24% 的受访者选择了故意破坏。与此同时，许多受访者认为很少或没有限制——59% 的人表示没有什么能阻止他们使用 UGS，而 35% 的人表示他们没有看到任何问题。尽管许多受访者评论说，鉴于用户数量众多，瑞典的 UGS 不足，而且人们最想使用的 UGS 通常没有汽车就无法到达，但安全相关和可访问性/可用性限制并未得到明确识别。多元二元逻辑回归用于研究约束感知与十四个预测变量之间的关系。比值比用于确定显着 (p < 0.05) 关系是否有意义。我们的研究结果表明，不同的群体对与 UGS 相关的限制有截然不同的看法。几个关键因素——包括年龄、自我报告的自然联系、与 UGS 的距离和使用频率——与感知不同组限制的可能性增加有关。然而，与环境正义相关的制约因素和因素之间的关系并不简单。这些发现表明，与致密化、新城市议程和促进社会效益相关的 UGS 规划挑战的复杂性，以及进一步整合多种用户观点的必要性，尤其是年轻人和不经常使用的用户。我们的研究结果表明，不同的群体对与 UGS 相关的限制有截然不同的看法。几个关键因素——包括年龄、自我报告的自然联系、与 UGS 的距离和使用频率——与感知不同组限制的可能性增加有关。然而，与环境正义相关的制约因素和因素之间的关系并不简单。这些发现表明，与致密化、新城市议程和促进社会效益相关的 UGS 规划挑战的复杂性，以及进一步整合多种用户观点的必要性，尤其是年轻人和不经常使用的用户。我们的研究结果表明，不同的群体对与 UGS 相关的限制有截然不同的看法。几个关键因素——包括年龄、自我报告的自然联系、与 UGS 的距离和使用频率——与感知不同组限制的可能性增加有关。然而，与环境正义相关的制约因素和因素之间的关系并不简单。这些发现表明，与致密化、新城市议程和促进社会效益相关的 UGS 规划挑战的复杂性，以及进一步整合多种用户观点的必要性，尤其是年轻人和不经常使用的用户。和使用频率——与感知不同约束组的可能性增加有关。然而，与环境正义相关的制约因素和因素之间的关系并不简单。这些发现表明，与致密化、新城市议程和促进社会效益相关的 UGS 规划挑战的复杂性，以及进一步整合多种用户观点的必要性，尤其是年轻人和不经常使用的用户。和使用频率——与感知不同约束组的可能性增加有关。然而，与环境正义相关的制约因素和因素之间的关系并不简单。这些发现表明，与致密化、新城市议程和促进社会效益相关的 UGS 规划挑战的复杂性，以及进一步整合多种用户观点的必要性，尤其是年轻人和不经常使用的用户。