In IV, xvii, 19–22 of his Essay, Locke employs Latin labels for four kinds of argument, of which one (ad hominem) was already in circulation and one (ad judicium) has never had much currency. The present proposal seeks to locate and clarify what Locke was aiming to describe, and to contrast what he says with some subsequent uses that have been made of these labels as if they named fallacies. Though three of the four kinds of argument that Locke picks out are often less than decisive, he casts no aspersion on the legitimacy of their use in debate.

中文翻译：

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洛克与“广告”

在他的论文IV, xvii, 19-22 中，洛克使用拉丁文标签来表示四种论证，其中一种 ( ad hominem)已经在流通，一种 ( ad judicium ) 从未流行过。目前的提议试图找到并澄清洛克的目的是描述什么，并将他所说的与后来对这些标签的一些使用进行对比，就好像它们命名为谬误一样。尽管洛克挑选出的四种论证中的三种往往不具决定性，但他并没有诋毁它们在辩论中使用的合法性。