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An economic analysis of on-demand food delivery platforms: Impacts of regulations and integration with ride-sourcing platforms
Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-01-30 , DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2023.103019
Yang Liu , Sen Li

This paper presents an economic analysis of on-demand food-delivery platforms and investigates management strategies that protect restaurant owners and for-hire gig workers in the sharing economy. We consider two markets that are both operated based on sharing economy: (a) the food-delivery market where a platform offers on-demand food-delivery services to customers; and (b) the ride-sourcing market where a platform provides on-demand ride-hailing services to passengers. These two markets are interdependent as the two platforms share the same pool of for-hire drivers. An economic equilibrium model is proposed to capture the incentives of food-delivery customers, ride-hailing passengers, restaurant owners, for-hire drivers, the food-delivery platform, and the ride-sourcing platform. The profit-maximizing decisions of each platform are modeled, and both competitive and collaborative interactions between the platforms are characterized. Based on the model, we first investigate the impacts of a cap on the commission rate charged to restaurant owners. We find that within certain regime the commission cap would benefit restaurants. However, beyond this regime, the commission cap becomes overly-protective, and further reducing it will induce increased costs for food-delivery customers, reduced earnings for food-delivery couriers, reduced profits of the food-delivery platform, which can even lead to slightly reduced earnings for the restaurants, making everyone worse off in the food-delivery market (compared to a less aggressive commission cap). Furthermore, we consider an alternative strategy where no regulatory intervention is necessary and the food-delivery and ride-sourcing services are integrally operated by a single platform. We show that collaboration between the two platforms can offer a Pareto improvement when the market demand of the ride-sourcing service is relatively small.



中文翻译:

按需送餐平台的经济分析:法规的影响以及与拼车平台的整合

本文介绍了按需送餐平台的经济分析,并研究了在共享经济中保护餐馆老板和临时工的管理策略。我们考虑两个均基于共享经济运作的市场:(a) 外卖市场,平台为客户提供按需外卖服务;(b) 网约车市场,平台为乘客提供按需网约车服务。这两个市场是相互依存的,因为这两个平台共享同一个出租司机库。提出了一个经济均衡模型来捕捉外卖客户、乘车乘客、餐馆老板、出租司机、外卖平台和乘车平台的激励。每个平台的利润最大化决策被建模,并且平台之间的竞争和协作交互都具有特征。基于该模型,我们首先调查了上限对向餐馆老板收取的佣金率的影响。我们发现,在某些制度下,佣金上限将使餐馆受益。但是,在这个制度之外,佣金上限变得过度保护,进一步降低将导致外卖客户成本增加,外卖快递员收入减少,外卖平台利润减少,甚至可能导致餐馆的收入略有下降,使每个人在送餐市场的境况都变得更糟(与不那么激进的佣金上限相比)。此外,我们考虑了一种替代策略,即无需监管干预,外卖和叫车服务由单一平台统一运营。我们表明,当拼车服务的市场需求相对较小时,两个平台之间的协作可以提供帕累托改进。

更新日期:2023-02-01
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