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Where Are the Dots: Hardening Face Authentication on Smartphones With Unforgeable Eye Movement Patterns
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security ( IF 6.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-12-28 , DOI: 10.1109/tifs.2022.3232957
Zheng Zheng 1 , Qian Wang 1 , Cong Wang 2 , Man Zhou 3 , Yi Zhao 1 , Qi Li 4 , Chao Shen 5
Affiliation  

With the ubiquitous adoption, mobile face authentication systems have been facing constant security challenges, particularly the spoofing risks. Except for those using specialized hardware, existing proposals for face anti-spoofing on mainstream smartphones either leverage people’s 3D face characteristics or various facial expressions. While showing progress towards more resilient face authentication, they are still vulnerable to recent advanced attacks (e.g., 3D mask attacks, video attacks, etc.). This paper presents GazeGuard, an on-device face anti-spoofing system that leverages unpredictable and unforgeable eye movement patterns to provide strong security guarantees against all known attacks. Targeting mainstream smartphones, GazeGuard is designed to conduct eye movement-based authentication using only 2D front cameras. Specifically, by presenting a series of short-lasting random dots on the screen (named gazecode), GazeGuard simultaneously captures a user’s gaze responses and the corresponding deformed periocular features to ensure both the freshness and correctness for the anti-spoofing face authentication. We have extensively tested GazeGuard’s performance over 50 volunteers. Using a 4-digit gazecode (just four random dots), GazeGuard achieves an average 90.39% authentication accuracy and 81.57 out of 100 System Usability Scale (SUS) scores. Under the same settings, GazeGuard achieves detection accuracy of 95.72% for image attack, 95.59% for video attack, 99.73% for 3D mask attack, and 100% for physical adversarial attack.

中文翻译:

点在哪里:用不可伪造的眼球运动模式在智能手机上强化人脸认证

随着无处不在的采用,移动人脸认证系统一直面临着持续的安全挑战,尤其是欺骗风险。除了那些使用专门硬件的,现有的主流智能手机上的人脸反欺骗提案要么利用人的 3D 人脸特征,要么利用各种面部表情。虽然在更具弹性的人脸认证方面取得了进展,但它们仍然容易受到最近的高级攻击(例如,3D 面具攻击、视频攻击等)。本文介绍了 GazeGuard,这是一种设备上的面部反欺骗系统,它利用不可预测和不可伪造的眼球运动模式来提供针对所有已知攻击的强大安全保证。GazeGuard 针对主流智能手机,旨在仅使用 2D 前置摄像头进行基于眼动的身份验证。具体来说,GazeGuard 通过在屏幕上呈现一系列短暂的随机点(称为凝视码),同时捕获用户的凝视反应和相应的变形眼周特征,以确保反欺骗人脸认证的新鲜度和正确性。我们对 50 多名志愿者进行了广泛的 GazeGuard 性能测试。使用 4 位注视代码(仅四个随机点),GazeGuard 实现了平均 90.39% 的身份验证准确度和 81.57 分(满分 100 分系统可用性量表 (SUS))。在相同设置下,GazeGuard对图像攻击的检测准确率为95.72%,对视频攻击的检测准确率为95.59%,对3D面具攻击的检测准确率为99.73%,对物理对抗攻击的检测准确率为100%。GazeGuard同时捕获用户的注视反应和相应的变形眼周特征,以确保反欺骗人脸认证的新鲜度和正确性。我们对 50 多名志愿者进行了广泛的 GazeGuard 性能测试。使用 4 位注视代码(仅四个随机点),GazeGuard 实现了平均 90.39% 的身份验证准确度和 81.57 分(满分 100 分系统可用性量表 (SUS))。在相同设置下,GazeGuard对图像攻击的检测准确率为95.72%,对视频攻击的检测准确率为95.59%,对3D面具攻击的检测准确率为99.73%,对物理对抗攻击的检测准确率为100%。GazeGuard同时捕获用户的注视反应和相应的变形眼周特征,以确保反欺骗人脸认证的新鲜度和正确性。我们对 50 多名志愿者进行了广泛的 GazeGuard 性能测试。使用 4 位注视代码(仅四个随机点),GazeGuard 实现了平均 90.39% 的身份验证准确度和 81.57 分(满分 100 分系统可用性量表 (SUS))。在相同设置下,GazeGuard对图像攻击的检测准确率为95.72%,对视频攻击的检测准确率为95.59%,对3D面具攻击的检测准确率为99.73%,对物理对抗攻击的检测准确率为100%。GazeGuard 实现了平均 90.39% 的身份验证准确率和 81.57 分(满分 100 分的系统可用性量表 (SUS))分数。在相同设置下,GazeGuard对图像攻击的检测准确率为95.72%,对视频攻击的检测准确率为95.59%,对3D面具攻击的检测准确率为99.73%,对物理对抗攻击的检测准确率为100%。GazeGuard 实现了平均 90.39% 的身份验证准确率和 81.57 分(满分 100 分的系统可用性量表 (SUS))分数。在相同设置下,GazeGuard对图像攻击的检测准确率为95.72%,对视频攻击的检测准确率为95.59%,对3D面具攻击的检测准确率为99.73%,对物理对抗攻击的检测准确率为100%。
更新日期:2022-12-28
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