Recent technological advances have made it possible to produce particles with nanometer dimensions that are uniformly and steadily suspended in traditional solar liquids and have enhanced the impact of thermo-physical parameters. In this research, a three-dimensional flat plate solar collector was built using a thin flat plate and a single working fluid pipe. The physical model was solved computationally under conditions of conjugated laminar forced convection in the range 500 ≤ Re ≤ 1900 and a heat flux of 1000 W/m². Distilled water (DW) and different types of hybrid nanofluids (namely, 0.1%-Al₂O₃@Cu/DW, 0.1%-MWCNTs@Fe₃O₄/DW, 0.3%-MWCNTs@Fe₃O₄/DW, 0.5%-Ag@MgO/DW, 1%-Ag@MgO/DW, 1%-S1 and 1%-S2, where MWCNTs are multi-wall carbon nanotubes, S1 means 2CuO–1Cu and S2 means 1CuO–2Cu nanocomposites) were evaluated via a set of parameters. The numerical results revealed that, by increasing the working fluid velocity (the Reynolds number), the average heat transfer coefficient, pressure loss, heat gain and solar collector efficiency were increased. Meanwhile, outlet fluid temperature and flat plate surface temperature were decreased. At Re = 1900, 1%-S2 and 1%-S1 presented higher thermal performance enhancement by 44.28% and 36.72% relative to DW. Moreover, low thermal performance enhancement of 7.59% and 7.44% were reported by 0.1%-Al₂O₃@Cu/DW and 0.3%-MWCNTs@Fe₃O₄/DW, respectively.

最近的技术进步使生产纳米尺寸的颗粒成为可能，这些颗粒均匀稳定地悬浮在传统的太阳能液体中，并增强了热物理参数的影响。在这项研究中，使用薄平板和单个工作流体管道构建了三维平板太阳能集热器。在 500 ≤ Re  ≤ 1900 范围内的共轭层流强制对流和 1000 W/m ²的热通量条件下，通过计算求解物理模型 。蒸馏水（DW）和不同类型的混合纳米流体（即，0.1%-Al ₂ O ₃ @Cu/DW， 0.1%-MWCNTs@Fe ₃ O ₄ /DW，0.3%-MWCNTs@Fe ₃ O ₄/DW, 0.5%-Ag@MgO/DW, 1%-Ag@MgO/DW, 1%-S1 和 1%-S2，其中 MWCNT 为多壁碳纳米管，S1 表示 2CuO–1Cu，S2 表示 1CuO– 2Cu 纳米复合材料）通过一组参数进行评估。数值结果表明，通过增加工作流体速度（雷诺数），平均传热系数、压力损失、得热量和太阳能集热器效率都会增加。同时，降低了出口流体温度和平板表面温度。在Re  = 1900 时，1%-S2 和 1%-S1 相对于 DW 表现出更高的热性能提升 44.28% 和 36.72%。_{此外，0.1%-Al 2} O ₃ @Cu/DW 和 0.3%-MWCNTs@Fe ₃ O ₄报告了 7.59% 和 7.44% 的低热性能增强/DW，分别。