CONTEXT

The dehesa is an important agrosilvopastoral system in the Mediterranean, consisting of trees, livestock and pasture. It is a multifunctional system that offers a wide range of products and services, including food and forest products, as well as environmental and social services. However, this ecosystem is vulnerable in Andalusia, southern Spain, due to its low economic profitability and environmental and social challenges.

OBJECTIVE

To contribute to the design of public policies towards greater sustainability of the Andalusian dehesa. For this purpose, different conservation actions/sub-actions (CAs/CSs), i.e. agroforestry and pastoral practices, were evaluated and prioritised according to their expected contribution to sustainability.

METHODS

A multi-criteria model based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is developed to prioritise the environmental, economic and social demands of Andalusian society. It also allows estimating the contribution of CAs/CSs to the different functions of the dehesa and to the demands of society. The model is assessed on the basis of a survey of society in the dehesa areas of Andalusia and the knowledge of dehesa experts.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Society prioritises the environmental dimension of the dehesa. Thus, among society's demands, the highest priorities are the production of typical and quality landscapes and the conservation of biodiversity. In terms of the functions of the dehesa, the social ones stand out for their contribution to sustainability, especially the preservation of cultural heritage. After the social functions, forest production (economic function) and biodiversity (environmental function) are the highest priority functions. For the CAs, soil and water conservation and the renewal of trees are the highest priorities for improving the sustainability of the dehesa. Finally, the most critical CSs have also been identified as those with the greatest potential to improve sustainability based on current practices.

SIGNIFICANCE

The methodology/model proposed for the design of policies to improve the sustainability of the Andalusian dehesa allowed the demands of society to be integrated into the process, understanding sustainability to be associated with the general well-being of society. The methodology can serve as a guide for assessing the sustainability associated with management actions in other agricultural systems and/or regions. Furthermore, the results obtained can contribute to the design of public policies towards greater sustainability of the dehesa not only in Andalusia, but also in other regions. The results highlight the importance of considering the productive and non-productive functions of the dehesa as a whole when designing public policies towards sustainability.

中文翻译：

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通过整合社会需求，优先考虑针对 dehesa 可持续性的保护行动

语境

dehesa 是地中海重要的农林牧系统，由树木、牲畜和牧场组成。它是一个多功能系统，提供广泛的产品和服务，包括食品和林产品，以及环境和社会服务。然而，由于经济盈利能力低以及环境和社会挑战，这个生态系统在西班牙南部的安达卢西亚很脆弱。

客观的

为公共政策的设计做出贡献，以提高安达卢西亚 dehesa 的可持续性。为此，评估了不同的保护行动/子行动 (CAs/CSs)，即农林业和畜牧业做法，并根据它们对可持续性的预期贡献确定了优先顺序。

方法

开发了一个基于层次分析法 (AHP) 的多标准模型，以优先考虑安达卢西亚社会的环境、经济和社会需求。它还允许估计 CA/CS 对 dehesa 的不同功能和社会需求的贡献。该模型是根据对安达卢西亚 dehesa 地区的社会调查和 dehesa 专家的知识进行评估的。

结果和结论

社会优先考虑 dehesa 的环境维度。因此，在社会需求中，最优先的是典型和优质景观的生产以及生物多样性的保护。就 dehesa 的功能而言，社会功能因其对可持续性的贡献而脱颖而出，尤其是对文化遗产的保护。在社会功能之后，森林生产（经济功能）和生物多样性（环境功能）是最优先的功能。对于 CA，水土保持和树木更新是提高 dehesa 可持续性的重中之重。最后，最关键的 CS 也被确定为根据当前实践最有可能提高可持续性的 CS。

意义

为提高安达卢西亚 dehesa 的可持续性而提出的政策设计方法/模型允许将社会需求纳入流程，了解可持续性与社会的普遍福祉相关。该方法可作为评估与其他农业系统和/或地区的管理行动相关的可持续性的指南。此外，所获得的结果有助于设计公共政策，以提高 dehesa 的可持续性，不仅在安达卢西亚，而且在其他地区。结果凸显了在设计可持续发展公共政策时考虑整个 dehesa 的生产性和非生产性功能的重要性。