In recent years, applying nanotechnology in the medical field has been under heavy scrutiny, largely due to challenges in the effective translation of designed materials from the bench to the clinic. However, the mRNA vaccines that were successfully used during the current COVID-19 pandemic have underpinned renewed interest in nanotechnology-enabled materials for healthcare nanoparticle drug delivery studies over the past decades and, coupled with advances in cell biology and genetic engineering, have paved the way for the next generation of biologics delivery that we see today. This observation is in accordance with the latest editorial published by one of MODERNA’s founders and one of the pioneers of drug delivery, Robert Langer, and his colleagues Jeffrey Karp, Nitin Joshi, and Jingjing Gao entitled “The Future of Drug Delivery”. (1) The authors are optimistic about the future, noting that “Looking forward, the future of drug delivery is bright”. In their editorial, they highlight key challenges in the field, which include limited targetability, low loading capacity, and the very high cost of production. In this special collection, we highlight how innovative research is addressing these challenges. Enhancing targetability has long been a major hurdle in drug delivery. Recent approaches have utilized molecular engineering of surface functional groups to promote clinical translation of nanoparticle–drug conjugates with enhanced targetability. (2) Investigating linkers for prodrugs in cancer therapy has also improved targetability and enhanced overall performance. (3) Li, Liu, and co-workers used metal-phenolic networks to target the mitochondria. (4) Other systems include collagen-targeted nanosponges (5) and functional choline phosphatase lipids for enhanced delivery and therapeutic applicability. (6) Designing smart platforms for the next-generation of drug delivery for chronic diseases is also identified as an important but difficult to achieve goal. Utilizing hybrid and metal-based delivery vehicles has endowed materials with superior properties such as delivery and imaging to produce highly functional theranostic systems. Liu’s group reported an all-in-one molecular aggregation induced emission theranostic system for chemo- and photodynamic cancer ablation. (5,7) Liz-Marzan and co-workers highlighted the importance of silver nanorods in different bioapplications, (8) while Ping and co-workers focused on cationic gold nanorods for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. (9) Other intriguing systems included organoplatinum macrocycles to prepare polymeric nanoparticles for synergistic cancer therapy. (10) Specific stimuli were also utilized to precisely control the delivery platforms, such as De Cola’s work on using light to trigger mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (11) and Zhang’s work on azobenzene cross-linked vesicles for precise oxidative damage. (12) Perhaps the most challenging target is building personalized therapies. The impressive advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence will definitely impact this field. Computer aided drug design has long been used by big pharma, and now this has been extended to design delivery platforms. Gwinn and Copp et al. have recently utilized machine learning to design DNA stabilized silver clusters. (13) Programmable hydrogels have also been reported to improve the cargo loading and overall performance of the polymeric platforms, which is crucial for injectable biomaterials. (14,15) Brambilla et al. also showed that polymer-based microneedles can be successfully used for individualized diagnostic and monitoring. (16) Further, promising reports toward individualized therapy, however, pertain to using specialized nucleic acids and antibodies as cargo, such as the work of Li et al., (17) Chung et al., (18) and Caruso et al. (19) It is clear that the road to the “perfect” delivery platform, if that ever exists, is not easy or in this sense straightforward, but we are learning valuable information along the way. This has already made the rapid production of vaccines for SARS-Cov-2 possible, and the next frontier is personalized targeted therapy. This article references 19 other publications. This article has not yet been cited by other publications. This article references 19 other publications.

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医疗保健材料的未来

近年来，在医学领域应用纳米技术一直受到严格审查，这主要是由于设计材料从工作台到临床的有效转化方面的挑战。然而，在当前 COVID-19 大流行期间成功使用的 mRNA 疫苗在过去几十年中重新激发了人们对用于医疗保健纳米颗粒药物输送研究的纳米技术材料的兴趣，并与细胞生物学和基因工程的进步相结合，铺平了我们今天看到的下一代生物制剂交付方式。这一观察结果与 MODERNA 的创始人之一和药物输送先驱之一罗伯特兰格及其同事 Jeffrey Karp、Nitin Joshi 和 Jingjing Gao 发表的题为“药物输送的未来”的最新社论一致。(1) 作者对未来持乐观态度，并指出“展望未来，药物输送的未来是光明的”。在他们的社论中，他们强调了该领域的主要挑战，包括有限的靶向性、低负载能力和非常高的生产成本。在这个特别的集合中，我们重点介绍了创新研究如何应对这些挑战。加强长期以来，靶向性一直是药物输送的主要障碍。最近的方法利用表面官能团的分子工程来促进具有增强靶向性的纳米颗粒-药物偶联物的临床转化。(2) 研究癌症治疗中前药的接头也提高了靶向性并提高了整体性能。(3) Li、Liu 及其同事使用金属酚网络靶向线粒体。(4) 其他系统包括靶向胶原蛋白的纳米海绵 (5) 和功能性胆碱磷酸酶脂质，以增强递送和治疗适用性。(6) 设计下一代给药的智能平台对于慢性病也被确定为一个重要但难以实现的目标。利用混合动力和基于金属的运载工具赋予材料卓越的性能，例如交付和成像，以生产功能强大的治疗诊断系统。刘的团队报告了一种用于化学和光动力癌症消融的一体化分子聚集诱导发射治疗诊断系统。(5,7) Liz-Marzan 和同事强调了银纳米棒在不同生物应用中的重要性，(8) 而 Ping 和同事则专注于阳离子金纳米棒用于治疗肝纤维化。(9) 其他有趣的系统包括有机铂大环化合物，用于制备用于协同癌症治疗的聚合物纳米颗粒。(10) 还利用特定刺激来精确控制交付平台，例如 De Cola 关于使用光触发中孔有机二氧化硅纳米颗粒的工作 (11) 和 Zhang 关于偶氮苯交联囊泡以实现精确氧化损伤的工作。(12) 也许最具挑战性的目标是建造个性化疗法. 机器学习和人工智能令人印象深刻的进步肯定会影响这个领域。计算机辅助药物设计长期以来一直被大型制药公司使用，现在已经扩展到设计交付平台。Gwinn 和 Copp 等人。最近利用机器学习来设计 DNA 稳定的银簇。(13) 据报道，可编程水凝胶可以改善聚合物平台的货物装载和整体性能，这对于可注射生物材料至关重要。(14,15) Brambilla 等人。还表明，基于聚合物的微针可以成功地用于个体化诊断和监测。(16) 此外，关于个体化治疗的有希望的报告，然而，涉及使用专门的核酸和抗体作为货物，例如 Li 等人的工作，(17) Chung 等人，(18) 和 Caruso 等人。(19) 很明显，通往“完美”交付平台的道路（如果存在的话）并不容易，或者从这个意义上说是直截了当的，但我们正在沿途学习有价值的信息。这已经使快速生产 SARS-Cov-2 疫苗成为可能，下一个前沿领域是个性化靶向治疗。本文引用了 19 篇其他出版物。这篇文章尚未被其他出版物引用。本文引用了 19 篇其他出版物。本文引用了 19 篇其他出版物。这篇文章尚未被其他出版物引用。本文引用了 19 篇其他出版物。本文引用了 19 篇其他出版物。这篇文章尚未被其他出版物引用。本文引用了 19 篇其他出版物。