Resistin-like molecules (RELMs) are highly cysteine-rich proteins, including RELMα, RELMβ, Resistin, and RELMγ. However, RELMs exhibit significant differences in structure, distribution, and function. The expression of RELMs is regulated by various signaling molecules, such as IL-4, IL-13, and their receptors. In addition, RELMs can mediate numerous signaling pathways, including HMGB1/RAGE, IL-4/IL-4Rα, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways, and so on. RELMs proteins are involved in wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including inflammatory response, cell proliferation, glucose metabolism, barrier defense, etc., and participate in the progression of numerous diseases such as lung diseases, intestinal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Meanwhile, RELMs can serve as biomarkers, risk predictors, and therapeutic targets for these diseases. An in-depth understanding of the role of RELMs may provide novel targets or strategies for the treatment and prevention of related diseases.

中文翻译：

---

抵抗素样分子：多种疾病的标记物、介质和治疗靶点

抵抗素样分子 (RELM) 是高度富含半胱氨酸的蛋白质，包括 RELMα、RELMβ、抵抗素和 RELMγ。然而，RELM 在结构、分布和功能方面表现出显着差异。RELM 的表达受到多种信号分子的调节，例如 IL-4、IL-13 及其受体。此外，RELMs还可以介导多种信号通路，包括HMGB1/RAGE、IL-4/IL-4Rα、PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路等。RELMs蛋白参与广泛的生理和病理过程，包括炎症反应、细胞增殖、糖代谢、屏障防御等，并参与肺病、肠道疾病、心血管疾病、癌症等多种疾病的进展。同时，RELM 可以作为这些疾病的生物标志物、风险预测因子和治疗靶点。深入了解 RELM 的作用可能为相关疾病的治疗和预防提供新的靶点或策略。