A humidification dehumidification system is a cost-effective thermal desalination system. It is well-suited for small-scale and off-grid applications to extract freshwater from seawater with minimum maintenance. The primary drawback of humidification dehumidification systems is the low thermal performance, and thermodynamic balancing using the extraction technique can substantially improve the system's performance. Unfortunately, the extraction model is not easy to converge due to its high nonlinearity, especially at a higher number of extractions. It is found that the system performance increases as the number of extractions increases up to Carnot performance at infinity extractions. In the literature, the highest number of extractions achieved is six. This study proposes an innovative model based on the particle-swarm minimization technique, which utilizes the balancing concept. The maximum number of extractions achieved using the proposed model is 22 at an enthalpy pinch of 0.1 kJ kg_d^-1, which shows that the proposed approach is promising, effective, and robust. The closest operating conditions to Carnot performance (99 %) are at an enthalpy pinch of 3 kJ kg_d^-1, minimum and maximum temperature of 40 °C and 80 °C, respectively, with seven extractions.

加湿除湿系统是一种具有成本效益的热法脱盐系统。它非常适合小规模和离网应用，以最少的维护从海水中提取淡水。加湿除湿系统的主要缺点是热性能低，使用提取技术的热力学平衡可以大大提高系统的性能。不幸的是，由于其高度非线性，提取模型不容易收敛，尤其是在提取次数较多的情况下。结果发现，系统性能随着提取次数的增加而增加，直至无穷大提取时的卡诺性能。在文献中，实现的最高提取次数为 6。本研究提出了一种基于粒子群最小化技术的创新模型，它利用了平衡的概念。在 0.1 kJ kg 的焓夹点下，使用所提出的模型实现的最大提取次数为 22_d ^-1，这表明所提出的方法是有前途的、有效的和稳健的。最接近卡诺性能 (99%) 的操作条件是在 3 kJ kg _d ^-1的焓夹点、最低和最高温度分别为 40 °C 和 80 °C，并进行七次萃取。