Globally, biodiversity offsetting is used to balance negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services caused by exploitation. In Sweden, there is an increasing interest in biodiversity offsetting in urban planning. However, there is limited understanding about the use of the concept in a municipal context. This study aims to examine and critically reflect on the uptake and use of biodiversity offsetting at a strategic level in urban planning in Sweden. We study urban planning documents, and included Sweden’s 290 municipalities in the study. The result shows that more than 50% of Sweden’s municipalities mention biodiversity offsetting in their planning documents, targeting both regulatory offsetting of protected areas and voluntary offsetting of urban green space. The uptake is highest in urban areas experiencing high exploitation pressure, and many municipalities include both biodiversity and ecosystem services in their strategic work with offsetting. Most municipalities do not relate to the mitigation hierarchy (avoid, minimize, restore, offset), nor the goal of no net loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. There is an ambiguity in the translation between losses and offsets, i.e. what type of offsetting (like-for-(un)like), what replacement ratios, and where to place the offsets. Few municipalities have developed processes, guidelines, strategic plans, etc., to integrate offsetting into the planning process. We conclude that the uptake of biodiversity offsetting is substantial, but with a fragmented, and often immature use in relation to ecological knowledge, and the planning process. We argue that, to develop biodiversity offsetting into an approach that delivers sound outcomes for nature and people in urban planning, municipalities must have a capacity in terms of organisational structures and resources.

在全球范围内，生物多样性抵消用于平衡开发对生物多样性和生态系统服务造成的负面影响。在瑞典，人们越来越关注城市规划中的生物多样性抵消。但是，对于在市政环境中使用该概念的理解有限。本研究旨在检查并批判性地反思瑞典城市规划在战略层面对生物多样性抵消的吸收和使用。我们研究城市规划文件，并将瑞典的 290 个城市纳入研究范围。结果显示，超过 50% 的瑞典城市在其规划文件中提到了生物多样性抵消，既针对保护区的监管抵消，也针对城市绿地的自愿抵消。在开发压力大的城市地区，吸收率最高，许多城市将生物多样性和生态系统服务纳入其抵消战略工作。大多数市政当局不涉及缓解等级（避免、最小化、恢复、抵消），也不涉及生物多样性和生态系统服务没有净损失的目标。损失和抵消之间的转换存在歧义，即什么类型的抵消（like-for-(un)like）、什么替代率以及放置抵消的位置。很少有市政当局制定流程、指南、战略计划等，以将抵消整合到规划过程中。我们的结论是，生物多样性抵消的吸收是巨大的，但在生态知识和规划过程方面的使用是零散的，而且往往不成熟。我们认为，