This paper examines the integration of freight delivery into the passenger transport of an on-demand ride-pooling service. The goal of this research is to use existing passenger trips for logistics services and thus reduce additional vehicle kilometers for freight delivery and the total number of vehicles on the road network. This is achieved by merging the need for two separate fleets into a single one by combining the services. This research provides an extensive literature review and discusses policy measures supporting such a service. To evaluate the potential of such a mobility-on-demand service, this paper uses an agent-based simulation framework and integrates three heuristic parcel assignment strategies into a ride-pooling fleet control algorithm. Two integration scenarios (moderate and full) are set up. While in both scenarios passengers and parcels share rides in one vehicle, in the moderate scenario no stops for parcel pick-up and delivery are allowed during a passenger ride to decrease customer inconvenience. Using real-world demand data for a case study of Munich, Germany, the two integration scenarios together with the three assignment strategies are compared to the status quo, which uses two separate vehicle fleets for passenger and logistics transport. The results indicate that the integration of logistics services into a ride-pooling service is possible and can exploit unused system capacities without deteriorating passenger transportation. Depending on the assignment strategies nearly all parcels can be served until a parcel to passenger demand ratio of 1:10 while the overall fleet kilometers can be decreased compared to the status quo.

本文研究了将货运交付整合到按需拼车服务的客运中。这项研究的目标是利用现有的客运行程来提供物流服务，从而减少货运的额外车辆公里数和道路网络上的车辆总数。这是通过合并服务将两个独立机队的需求合并为一个机队来实现的。本研究提供了广泛的文献回顾，并讨论了支持此类服务的政策措施。为了评估这种按需移动服务的潜力，本文使用基于代理的仿真框架并将三种启发式包裹分配策略集成到拼车车队控制算法中。设置了两个集成方案（中等和完整）。虽然在这两种情况下，乘客和包裹在一辆车上共乘，但在温和的情况下，不允许在乘客乘坐期间停下来取件和投递包裹，以减少客户的不便。使用德国慕尼黑案例研究的真实需求数据，将两种集成方案以及三种分配策略与现状进行了比较，现状是使用两个独立的车队进行客运和物流运输。结果表明，将物流服务整合到拼车服务中是可能的，并且可以利用未使用的系统容量，而不会影响客运。根据分配策略，几乎所有包裹都可以提供服务，直到包裹与乘客需求之比达到 1:10，而与现状相比，整体车队公里数可以减少。