Supercritical CO${}_2$ (sCO${}_2$) is examined as a working fluid for the first time in a unique thermal management strategy that aims to control undesirable thermal behavior in battery cooling applications. In the pseudocritical region, sCO${}_2$ has a high volumetric thermal capacity with low critical pressure and temperature, which not only reduces system complexity and costs but also eliminates the possibility of two-phase critical heat flux and flow instabilities. A pack of 20×5 Li-ion batteries for battery energy storage system (BESS) applications was designed and employed in a structurally optimized thermal management system. Further, the effects of different dielectric fluid media on the number of flow inlets, flow rates, and discharge rates were numerically investigated. Compared with conventional coolants, sCO${}_2$ exhibited superior temperature suppression and temperature differences. The rise in both mass flow rate and the number of flow inlets significantly suppressed the maximum temperature and temperature difference. Besides, the pressure drop was slightly increased with the increased mass flow rate. Moreover, sCO${}_2$ controls the thermal behavior of a large battery pack at high discharge rates within an optimal range. The finding offers various attributes for cooling large battery packs, particularly for high-power grid stations and BESS. In the future, the practicality of high working pressures and power requirements for the pump should be carefully studied.

超临界二氧化碳${}_{\mathrm{2个}}$（二氧化碳${}_{\mathrm{2个}}$) 首次在独特的热管理策略中作为工作流体进行检查，该策略旨在控制电池冷却应用中不良的热行为。在伪临界区，sCO${}_{\mathrm{2个}}$具有高容积热容量和低临界压力和温度，这不仅降低了系统的复杂性和成本，而且消除了两相临界热通量和流动不稳定性的可能性。设计了一组用于电池储能系统 (BESS) 应用的 20×5 锂离子电池组，并将其用于结构优化的热管理系统。此外，数值研究了不同介电流体介质对流动入口数量、流速和排放速率的影响。与传统冷却剂相比，sCO${}_{\mathrm{2个}}$表现出优越的温度抑制和温差。质量流量和流量入口数量的增加显着抑制了最高温度和温差。此外，随着质量流量的增加，压降略有增加。此外，上合组织${}_{\mathrm{2个}}$在最佳范围内以高放电率控制大型电池组的热行为。这一发现为冷却大型电池组提供了各种属性，特别是对于高功率电网站和 BESS。今后，应仔细研究泵的高工作压力和功率要求的实用性。