Green hydrogen is suitable for grid-scale energy storage to increase the penetration of renewable energy, and it is also an alternative to fossil fuels. However, it still suffers from storage problems owing to its low volumetric energy density, embrittlement, and very low boiling point. To improve safety and reduce cost, green ammonia has been proposed as a substitute for hydrogen and has attracted considerable attention. In this study, a multi-generation system was proposed to compare green hydrogen and green ammonia as energy carriers. Four scenarios are discussed and the performances under different energy carriers, constant and time-of-use electricity prices, and on-grid and off-grid operations are compared. The optimal planning of the system was formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem and was evaluated using supply and demand profiles hourly over a year. The objective was to maximize profitability, which is reflected by the cumulative cash position and payback period. The results revealed that the hydrogen-based system was superior to the ammonia-based system. In the hydrogen-based scenario, the cumulative cash position was 83.43 MUSD and the payback period was 14 years. The cumulative cash position and payback period were 12.78 MUSD and 22 years, respectively, in the ammonia-based scenario. To improve profitability, it is recommended to increase the capacity for hydrogen/ammonia production and reduce the capacity for backup power generation.

绿氢适用于电网规模的储能，以增加可再生能源的渗透率，也是化石燃料的替代品。然而，由于其低体积能量密度、脆化和极低的沸点，它仍然存在存储问题。为了提高安全性和降低成本，绿色氨被提出作为氢的替代品并引起了相当大的关注。在这项研究中，提出了一种多代系统来比较绿色氢和绿色氨作为能量载体。讨论了四种情景，并比较了不同能源载体、恒定和分时电价以及并网和离网操作下的性能。系统的最优规划被表述为一个混合整数线性规划问题，并使用一年中每小时的供需概况进行评估。目标是最大限度地提高盈利能力，这反映在累积现金状况和投资回收期上。结果表明，氢基系统优于氨基系统。在氢基场景中，累计现金头寸为 83.43 MUSD，投资回收期为 14 年。在基于氨的方案中，累计现金头寸和投资回收期分别为 12.78 MUSD 和 22 年。为提高盈利能力，建议增加氢/氨生产能力，减少备用发电能力。这反映在累积现金头寸和投资回收期上。结果表明，氢基系统优于氨基系统。在氢基场景中，累计现金头寸为 83.43 MUSD，投资回收期为 14 年。在基于氨的方案中，累计现金头寸和投资回收期分别为 12.78 MUSD 和 22 年。为提高盈利能力，建议增加氢/氨生产能力，减少备用发电能力。这反映在累积现金头寸和投资回收期上。结果表明，氢基系统优于氨基系统。在氢基场景中，累计现金头寸为 83.43 MUSD，投资回收期为 14 年。在基于氨的方案中，累计现金头寸和投资回收期分别为 12.78 MUSD 和 22 年。为提高盈利能力，建议增加氢/氨生产能力，减少备用发电能力。在基于氨的方案中，累计现金头寸和投资回收期分别为 12.78 MUSD 和 22 年。为提高盈利能力，建议增加氢/氨生产能力，减少备用发电能力。在基于氨的方案中，累计现金头寸和投资回收期分别为 12.78 MUSD 和 22 年。为提高盈利能力，建议增加氢/氨生产能力，减少备用发电能力。