This paper focuses on a methodological question regarding a content analysis tool in populism studies, namely the explicit and implicit populism approach. The study argues that scholars adopting this approach need to conduct content analysis simultaneously on different coding unit lengths, because the ratio of explicit and implicit messages varies significantly between units such as single sentences and paragraphs. While an explicit populist message consists of at least one articulated dichotomy between the “good” people and the “harmful” others, implicit populism implies that only one of the core features of the populist style is present: either people-centrism or antagonism. Due to the often fractured and occasionally dichotomous nature of populist styles, this research revolves around the idea that the explicit and implicit populist content analysis method should be performed on coding units of different lengths, as these units can yield significantly different results in the detection of populist styles. Hybrid content and statistical analyses were operationalized to scrutinize to what extent explicit, implicit, or non-populist styles change in three coding unit types with diverging lengths. The outcome supports the following suggestion: Explicit and implicit populism demand scrutiny simultaneously on one narrow and one extended textual unit.

中文翻译：

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扩展上下文！在三个不同的文本层面衡量显性和隐性民粹主义

本文重点关注民粹主义研究中关于内容分析工具的方法论问题，即显性和隐性民粹主义方法。研究认为，采用这种方法的学者需要对不同的编码单元长度同时进行内容分析，因为显性和隐性信息的比例在单句和段落等单元之间存在显着差异。虽然明确的民粹主义信息至少包含“好”人和“有害”他人之间的明确二分法，但隐含的民粹主义意味着只存在民粹主义风格的核心特征之一：以人为本或对抗。由于民粹主义风格经常是支离破碎的，有时甚至是二分法的，这项研究围绕着这样一个想法，即应该对不同长度的编码单元执行显式和隐式民粹主义内容分析方法，因为这些单元在民粹主义风格的检测中会产生显着不同的结果。对混合内容和统计分析进行了操作，以仔细检查三种长度不同的编码单元类型中显式、隐式或非民粹主义风格的变化程度。结果支持以下建议：明确和隐含的民粹主义要求同时对一个狭义和一个扩展的文本单元进行审查。对混合内容和统计分析进行了操作，以仔细检查三种长度不同的编码单元类型中显式、隐式或非民粹主义风格的变化程度。结果支持以下建议：明确和隐含的民粹主义要求同时对一个狭义和一个扩展的文本单元进行审查。对混合内容和统计分析进行了操作，以仔细检查三种长度不同的编码单元类型中显式、隐式或非民粹主义风格的变化程度。结果支持以下建议：明确和隐含的民粹主义要求同时对一个狭义和一个扩展的文本单元进行审查。