This computational analysis focuses on the effects of porous layer on the flow dynamics, heat transfer and hydrodynamic forces of hybrid nanofluid in a channel having an open cavity fixed with bottom wall in the presence of partial magnetic field. The set of PDEs governing the dynamics has been transformed to dimensionless form and simulated using higher order finite element method. In particular, P 3 / P 2 ${\mathbb{P}}_{3}/{\mathbb{P}}_{2}$ finite element pair is employed for the spatial discretization and Crank–Nicolson approach is utilized for the temporal discretization. The obtained equations has been linearized with adaptive Newtons method and linearized systems have been computed using the geometric multi-grid technique. The impact of parameters, for instance, Richardson number, thickness of porous layer and nanoparticle fraction is analyzed in the presence of partial magnetic field and porous layer on the hydrodynamic forces like lift and drag forces on the submerged bodies, being the important part of the fluid flow and heat transfer are also be analysed. It is noticed that the drag and lift coefficients are reduced as the nanoparticle fraction is altered while the local- and average-Nusselt number get higher values.

中文翻译：

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偏磁场作用下波浪状多孔层对空腔通道内混合纳米流体流动的水动力和传热的影响

该计算分析侧重于在存在部分磁场的情况下，多孔层对混合纳米流体在具有固定底壁的开放腔的通道中的流动动力学、传热和流体动力的影响。控制动力学的 PDE 集已转换为无量纲形式，并使用高阶有限元方法进行模拟。尤其， P 3个 / P 2个 ${\mathbb{P}}_{3}/{\mathbb{P}}_{2}$ 有限元对用于空间离散化，Crank-Nicolson 方法用于时间离散化。所获得的方程已用自适应牛顿法线性化，并使用几何多重网格技术计算了线性化系统。在部分磁场和多孔层存在的情况下，分析了理查森数、多孔层厚度和纳米颗粒分数等参数对浸没体上升力和阻力等水动力的影响，这是水下体的重要组成部分。还分析了流体流动和传热。值得注意的是，随着纳米粒子分数的改变，阻力和升力系数降低，而局部和平均努塞尔数获得更高的值。