ABSTRACT

A scoping review was conducted to explore the metaphors and related expressions older adults use to describe extremely stressful events that may lead to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Complex PTSD (CPTSD), Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD), or Adjustment Disorder (AjD). Relevant databases from psychology, gerontology, and related fields were searched. In addition, relevant references found in included papers were considered. Inclusion criteria were: qualitative study, sample of older adults (age 65+), and focus on maladaptive rather than adaptive psychological aspects. Eleven studies focusing on PTSD, 5 on CPTSD, 13 on PGD, and 10 on AjD were included. Metaphors and other expressions related to extremely stressful events were then extracted and analyzed. Multiple linguistic expressions to describe extremely stressful events and stress-related symptoms were identified. Metaphors and related expressions often referred to the body and the theme of moving on with one’s life.

摘要

我们进行了一项范围界定审查，以探索老年人用来描述可能导致创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD)、复杂 PTSD (CPTSD)、长期悲伤障碍 (PGD) 或适应障碍的极端压力事件的隐喻和相关表达方式 ( AjD）。搜索了心理学、老年学和相关领域的相关数据库。此外，还考虑了所包含论文中的相关参考文献。纳入标准是：定性研究、老年人样本（65 岁以上）以及关注适应不良而非适应性心理方面。包括 11 项关注 PTSD 的研究、5 项关于 CPTSD 的研究、13 项关于 PGD 的研究和 10 项关于 AjD 的研究。然后提取和分析与极端压力事件相关的隐喻和其他表达方式。确定了描述极端压力事件和压力相关症状的多种语言表达。隐喻和相关表达通常指的是身体和继续生活的主题。