Nanomedicine is promising to improve conventional cancer medicine by making diagnosis and therapy more accurate and more effective in a more personalized manner. A key of the cancer nanomedicine is construction of medical nanodevices by programming various requisite functions to nanoparticles (NPs). As compared to that of soft NPs, including organic micelles and polymers, fabrication of an inorganic NP based nanodevice is still challenging; the approved nanoformulations have been confined to the limited number of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs). The major challenges lie in how to program the requisite functions to inorganic NPs. In spite the much denser and less hydrophilic properties of inorganic NPs, most of the following functions have to be programmed for their in vivo applications: (A) high dispersibility in a physiological environment, (B) high stealth efficiency to slip through the trap by liver and spleen, (C) high targeting efficiency to cancer tissue, (D) clear visualization of cancer for diagnosis, and (E) high anticancer activity for treatment.

中文翻译：

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无机纳米粒子功能编程构建聚甘油基生物医学纳米器件用于癌症纳米医学

纳米医学有望通过以更个性化的方式使诊断和治疗更准确、更有效，从而改进传统的癌症医学。癌症纳米医学的一个关键是通过为纳米粒子 (NPs) 编程各种必要的功能来构建医疗纳米器件。与包括有机胶束和聚合物在内的软 NP 相比，无机 NP 基纳米器件的制造仍然具有挑战性；批准的纳米制剂仅限于数量有限的超顺磁性氧化铁 NP (SPION)。主要挑战在于如何为无机 NP 编写必要的功能。尽管无机 NPs 的密度更大，亲水性更差，但以下大多数功能都必须为其体内编程应用：（A）在生理环境中的高分散性，（B）通过肝脏和脾脏陷阱的高隐身效率，（C）对癌组织的高靶向效率，（D）癌症的清晰可视化诊断，以及（ e) 治疗的高抗癌活性。