This contribution intends to show that normative foundations, in the sense of foundations prescribing norms or expressing prescriptions, have been rather limited in determining or defining the legal bases, legal provisions and their evolution in EU criminal law. EU primary and secondary law in penal matters has indeed been adopted mainly in reaction to the need to adjust to reality, to face challenges, react to facts, incidents and threats and to implement overwhelmingly political objectives, which themselves follow most of the time from the said factual or operational needs resulting from practice. This thus calls for an assessment of the advantages and risks of the relatively decisive role of external factors on the development of criminal justice in the EU.

中文翻译：

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从事实和政治目标到法律基础和法律规定：欧洲刑法领域的渐进一体化

该文稿旨在表明，规范性基础，在基础规定规范或表达规定的意义上，在确定或定义法律基础、法律规定及其在欧盟刑法中的演变方面相当有限。欧盟主要和次要刑事法的采用确实主要是为了适应现实、面对挑战、对事实、事件和威胁做出反应以及实现压倒性的政治目标，这些目标本身大部分时间都遵循所述实践中产生的事实或操作需要。因此，这需要评估外部因素对欧盟刑事司法发展的相对决定性作用的优势和风险。