Sexual interest in children is an important factor contributing to sexual (re)offending against children. The current state of research makes it difficult to conclude if people with pedophilia are overly interested in children, or have lower interest in adults, or both. This is relevant knowledge in treatment for preventing sexual (re)offenses against children. This study aimed to systematically analyze sexual interest in both children and adults in samples of men with pedophilia and comparison groups. A total of 55 studies (N = 8465) were included in four meta-analyses and a systematic review. Most included studies considered people who had sexually offended against children (PSOC; n^PSOC = 5213). Results indicated that PSOC with pedophilia did not have a clear sexual preference for either children or adults. Compared to comparison groups, they had more absolute sexual interest in children and lower sexual interest in adults. We conclude that the lack of sexual interest in adults may be a relevant factor in PSOC with pedophilia. More studies are needed to disentangle sexual interest in children from sexual interest in adults, while using carefully matched comparison groups and appropriate research designs.

对儿童的性兴趣是导致对儿童进行性（再）犯罪的一个重要因素。目前的研究状态很难得出结论，恋童癖患者是对儿童过度感兴趣，还是对成人兴趣不大，或者两者兼而有之。这是预防儿童性（再）犯罪治疗的相关知识。本研究旨在系统地分析恋童癖男性样本和对照组中儿童和成人的性兴趣。 四项荟萃分析和一项系统评价共纳入55 项研究（N = 8465）。大多数纳入的研究都考虑了对儿童进行过性侵犯的人（PSOC；n ^PSOC = 5213）。结果表明，患有恋童癖的 PSOC 对儿童或成人没有明确的性偏好。与对照组相比，他们对儿童的绝对性兴趣更高，对成人的性兴趣更低。我们得出结论，成年人缺乏性兴趣可能是 PSOC 伴有恋童癖的一个相关因素。需要更多的研究来区分儿童的性兴趣和成人的性兴趣，同时使用仔细匹配的比较组和适当的研究设计。