Nanofiltration (NF) membranes circumventing global water scarcity with excellent separation and antibacterial performances are highly desirable for efficient water treatment but remain a great challenge. Herein, a nanofiltration membrane was fabricated by in situ immobilizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on sulfated cellulose nanofibril incorporated during interfacial polymerization. AgNPs were confirmed to be uniformly distributed and in situ grown on sulfated cellulose nanofibril (SCNF) due to its abundant sulfate and hydroxyl groups by mixing them with anhydrous piperazine solution as inorganic phase and homophenyl chloride n-hexane solution as the organic phase on the surface of a polyethersulfone microporous membrane. The attributes of SCNF, excellent hydrophilicity, and highly negative charges enhanced both the rejection and water permeability. As the SCNF charge increased, the roughness of SCNF increased and the contact angle decreased, and the maximum values were 203 nm and 17.67°, respectively. Among all the composite NF membranes, H-SCNF/Ag-0.01 had better rejection of Na₂SO₄ and NaCl, with a maximum rejection of 97.11% and 32.55%, respectively. Meanwhile, it also maintained high water permeability. Antibacterial experiments indicated that the composite NF membrane had effective inhibition against Escherichia coli and exhibited an expected slow-release capability of Ag⁺, which made it have long-term antibacterial properties. It was estimated that the antibacterial effect could last for 90 days. This work demonstrated that AgNPs in situ immobilization on SCNF could be used as promising nanofillers for designing advanced functional NF membranes.

纳滤 (NF) 膜以优异的分离和抗菌性能规避了全球水资源短缺问题，是高效水处理的理想选择，但仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在此，通过在界面聚合过程中掺入的硫酸化纤维素纳米纤维上原位固定银纳米粒子 (AgNPs) 来制造纳滤膜。通过将 AgNPs 与作为无机相的无水哌嗪溶液和作为有机相的均苯氯正己烷溶液混合，证实 AgNPs 在硫酸化纤维素纳米纤维 (SCNF) 上均匀分布并原位生长，因为它具有丰富的硫酸盐和羟基聚醚砜微孔膜。SCNF的特性，优良的亲水性，高负电荷增强了排斥性和透水性。随着 SCNF 电荷的增加，SCNF 的粗糙度增加，接触角减小，最大值分别为 203 nm 和 17.67°。在所有复合纳滤膜中，H-SCNF/Ag-0.01对Na的截留效果更好₂ SO ₄和 NaCl，最大截留率分别为 97.11% 和 32.55%。同时，它还保持了高透水性。抗菌实验表明，复合纳滤膜对大肠杆菌具有有效的抑制作用，并表现出预期的Ag ⁺缓释能力，使其具有长效抗菌性能。据估计，抗菌效果可持续90天。这项工作表明，AgNPs 在 SCNF 上的原位固定化可用作设计先进功能性 NF 膜的有前途的纳米填料。