Objectives To assess whether male elite football players are at increased risk of alcohol related disorders compared with men from the general population, and whether such an increased risk would vary on the basis of calendar year of the first playing season in the top tier of competition, age, career length, and goal scoring abilities. Design Nationwide cohort study. Setting Sweden, 1924-2020. Participants 6007 male football players who had played in the Swedish top division, Allsvenskan, from 1924 to 2019 and 56 168 men from the general population matched to players based on age and region of residence. Main outcome measures Primary outcome was alcohol related disorders (diagnoses recorded in death certificates, during hospital admissions and outpatient visits, or use of prescription drugs for alcohol addiction); secondary outcome was disorders related to misuse of other drugs. Results During follow-up up to 31 December 2020, 257 (4.3%) football players and 3528 (6.3%) men from the general population received diagnoses of alcohol related disorders. In analyses accounting for age, region of residence, and calendar time, risk of alcohol related disorders was lower among football players than among men from the general population (hazard ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.62 to 0.81). A reduced risk of alcohol related disorders was observed for football players who played their first season in the top tier in the early 1960s and later, while no significant difference versus men from the general population was seen in the risk for football players from earlier eras. The hazard ratio was lowest at around age 35 years, and then increased with age; at around age 75 years, football players had a higher risk of alcohol related disorders than men from the general population. No significant association was seen between goal scoring, number of games, and seasons played in the top tier and the risk of alcohol related disorders. Risk of disorders related to other drug misuse was significantly lower among football players than the general population (hazard ratio 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.15 to 0.34). Conclusions In this nationwide cohort study, male football players who had played in the Swedish top tier of competition had a significantly lower risk of alcohol related disorders than men from the general population. No additional data available. The data analysed in this study were based on Swedish nationwide registers. Individual level data in the registers can only be accessed through secure servers and only export of aggregated data, as presented in research articles, is allowed as per Swedish law. Permission to access data can be made only after fulfilling specific requirements to safeguard the anonymity of the study participants. For these reasons, data cannot be made generally available.

中文翻译：

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瑞典精英男子足球运动员的酒精相关疾病：全国队列研究

目标 评估男性精英足球运动员与普通人群相比是否患酒精相关疾病的风险增加，以及这种增加的风险是否会根据顶级比赛第一个赛季的日历年而有所不同，年龄、职业生涯长度和进球能力。设计全国队列研究。设定瑞典，1924-2020。参与者包括 6007 名曾在 1924 年至 2019 年在瑞典顶级联赛 Allsvenskan 踢球的男性足球运动员，以及 56168 名来自普通人群的男性，根据年龄和居住地区与球员进行匹配。主要结果测量 主要结果是酒精相关疾病（死亡证明、住院和门诊就诊期间记录的诊断，或使用处方药治疗酒精成瘾）；次要结果是与滥用其他药物相关的疾病。结果 在截至 2020 年 12 月 31 日的随访期间，来自普通人群的 257 名足球运动员（4.3%）和 3528 名男性（6.3%）被诊断患有酒精相关疾病。在考虑年龄、居住地区和日历时间的分析中，足球运动员患酒精相关疾病的风险低于一般人群中的男性（风险比 0.71，95% 置信区间 0.62 至 0.81）。对于在 1960 年代初期及之后在顶级联赛中踢第一个赛季的足球运动员，观察到酒精相关疾病的风险降低，而早期足球运动员的风险与普通人群相比没有显着差异。风险比在 35 岁左右最低，然后随着年龄的增长而增加；在 75 岁左右，足球运动员患酒精相关疾病的风险高于一般人群中的男性。在顶级球队的进球得分、比赛次数和赛季与酒精相关疾病的风险之间没有显着关联。足球运动员患其他药物滥用相关疾病的风险显着低于一般人群（风险比为 0.22，95% 置信区间为 0.15 至 0.34）。结论 在这项全国队列研究中，参加过瑞典顶级比赛的男性足球运动员患酒精相关疾病的风险明显低于一般人群中的男性。没有可用的额外数据。本研究中分析的数据基于瑞典全国登记册。登记册中的个人级别数据只能通过安全服务器访问，并且根据瑞典法律，只允许导出研究文章中提出的汇总数据。只有在满足特定要求后才能获得访问数据的许可，以保护研究参与者的匿名性。由于这些原因，无法普遍提供数据。