Fisheries management needs to ensure that resources are exploited sustainably, and the risk of depletion is at an acceptable level. However, often uncertainty about resource dynamics exists, and data availability may differ substantially between fish stocks. This situation can be addressed through tiered systems, where tiers represent different data limitations, and tier-specific stock assessment methods are defined, aiming for risk equivalence across tiers. As case studies, we selected stocks of European plaice, Atlantic cod and Atlantic herring, where advice is provided by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). We conducted a closed-loop simulation to compare risk equivalence between the data-rich ICES MSY rule, based on a quantitative stock assessment, and the revised data-limited empirical management procedures of the ICES advice framework. The simulations indicated that the data-limited approaches were precautionary and did not lead to a higher risk of depletion than the data-rich approach. Although the catch based on generic data-limited approaches was lower, stock-specific optimisation improved management performance with catch levels comparable with the data-rich approach. Furthermore, the simulation indicated the ICES MSY rule can fail to meet management objectives due to increased depletion risk when management reference points are set suboptimally. We conclude that the recent revisions of the ICES system explicitly account for risk equivalence for data-limited fisheries management and are a major step forward. Finally, we advocate further consideration of simple empirical management procedures irrespective of data limitations due to their ability to meet fisheries management objectives with greater simplicity.

中文翻译：

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数据有限和数据丰富的渔业管理中的风险等价：基于 ICES 建议框架的示例

渔业管理需要确保资源得到可持续利用，枯竭风险处于可接受的水平。然而，资源动态的不确定性通常存在，并且鱼类种群之间的数据可用性可能存在很大差异。这种情况可以通过分层系统来解决，其中分层代表不同的数据限制，并定义了特定于分层的库存评估方法，旨在实现跨分层的风险等效。作为案例研究，我们选择了欧洲鲽鱼、大西洋鳕鱼和大西洋鲱鱼的种群，国际海洋勘探委员会 (ICES) 为这些种群提供了建议。我们进行了闭环模拟，以基于定量库存评估比较数据丰富的 ICES MSY 规则之间的风险等价性，以及修订后的 ICES 建议框架的数据有限经验管理程序。模拟表明，数据有限的方法是预防性的，不会导致比数据丰富的方法更高的耗尽风险。虽然基于通用数据有限方法的渔获量较低，但针对特定种群的优化提高了管理绩效，渔获量水平与数据丰富的方法相当。此外，模拟表明，当管理参考点设置不当时，由于耗尽风险增加，ICES MSY 规则可能无法满足管理目标。我们的结论是，最近对 ICES 系统的修订明确说明了数据有限的渔业管理的风险等价性，并且是向前迈出的重要一步。最后，