We aimed at mapping the meta-analytic evidence base on the efficacy of psychological treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in specific populations. We conducted a systematic search until January 2022 in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PTSDpubs, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. We contrasted all eligible meta-analyses irrespective of overlapping datasets to present a comprehensive overview of the state of research. Reporting quality was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 tool and certainty of evidence was assessed using established umbrella review criteria. Nine meta-analyses with distinct adult populations (51 unique trials) and four with children and adolescents (24 unique trials) were included. Reporting quality of meta-analyses was heterogeneous with risk of bias assessment being rated lowest. The certainty of evidence on the efficacy of psychological interventions for adult populations was thoroughly weak because of small samples and large heterogeneity. In war- and conflict-affected youth, the certainty of evidence was suggestive. Our review highlights the need to improve quality of meta-analyses on treatment efficacy for PTSD. More importantly, however, the findings demonstrate the need for new large-scale trials on the efficacy of treatments for PTSD in distinct populations in order to increase certainty of evidence and to identify potential differences in treatment responses.

我们旨在绘制基于心理治疗对特定人群创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 疗效的荟萃分析证据。截至 2022 年 1 月，我们在 MEDLINE、PsycINFO、PTSDpubs、Web of Science 和 Cochrane 系统评价数据库中进行了系统检索，以对随机对照试验进行荟萃分析。我们对比了所有符合条件的荟萃分析，而不考虑重叠数据集，以全面概述研究状况。使用 AMSTAR 2 工具评估报告质量，并使用既定的综合审查标准评估证据的确定性。纳入了九项针对不同成人人群的荟萃分析（51 项独特的试验）和四项针对儿童和青少年的荟萃分析（24 项独特的试验）。荟萃分析的报告质量参差不齐，偏倚评估的风险被评为最低。由于样本小和异质性大，关于心理干预对成年人群有效性的证据的确定性非常薄弱。在受战争和冲突影响的青年中，证据的确定性具有启发性。我们的审查强调需要提高关于 PTSD 治疗效果的荟萃分析的质量。然而，更重要的是，研究结果表明需要在不同人群中对 PTSD 治疗的疗效进行新的大规模试验，以提高证据的确定性并确定治疗反应的潜在差异。由于样本小和异质性大，关于心理干预对成年人群有效性的证据的确定性非常薄弱。在受战争和冲突影响的青年中，证据的确定性具有启发性。我们的审查强调需要提高关于 PTSD 治疗效果的荟萃分析的质量。然而，更重要的是，研究结果表明需要在不同人群中对 PTSD 治疗的疗效进行新的大规模试验，以提高证据的确定性并确定治疗反应的潜在差异。由于样本小和异质性大，关于心理干预对成年人群有效性的证据的确定性非常薄弱。在受战争和冲突影响的青年中，证据的确定性具有启发性。我们的审查强调需要提高关于 PTSD 治疗效果的荟萃分析的质量。然而，更重要的是，研究结果表明需要在不同人群中对 PTSD 治疗的疗效进行新的大规模试验，以提高证据的确定性并确定治疗反应的潜在差异。