The use of repeated, momentary, real-world assessment methods known as the Experience Sampling Method and Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) has been broadly embraced over the last few decades. These methods have extended our assessment reach beyond lengthy retrospective self-reports as they can capture everyday experiences in their immediate context, including affect, behavior, symptoms, and cognitions. In this review we evaluate nine conceptual, methodological, and psychometric issues about EMA with the goal of stimulating conversation and guiding future research on these matters: the extent to which participants are actually reporting momentary experiences, respondents’ interpretation of momentary questions, the use of comparison standards in responding, efforts to increase the EMA reporting period beyond the moment to longer periods within a day, training of EMA study participants, concerns about selection bias of respondents, the impact of missing EMA assessments, the reliability of momentary data, and for which purposes EMA might be considered a gold standard for assessment. Resolution of these issues should have far-reaching implications for advancing the field.

中文翻译：

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生态瞬时评价中紧迫问题的评价

在过去的几十年里，重复的、瞬时的、现实世界的评估方法（称为经验抽样法和生态瞬时评估（EMA））的使用已被广泛接受。这些方法使我们的评估范围超出了冗长的回顾性自我报告，因为它们可以捕捉直接背景下的日常经历，包括情感、行为、症状和认知。在这篇综述中，我们评估了关于 EMA 的九个概念、方法论和心理测量问题，目的是激发对话并指导未来对这些问题的研究：参与者实际报告瞬间经历的程度、受访者对瞬间问题的解释、使用响应中的比较标准、努力将 EMA 报告期从瞬间延长到一天内更长的时间、对 EMA 研究参与者的培训、对受访者选择偏差的担忧、缺失 EMA 评估的影响、瞬时数据的可靠性以及出于何种目的，EMA 可能被视为评估的黄金标准。这些问题的解决应对该领域的发展产生深远的影响。