Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed to play a crucial role in various biological processes across several species. Though many efforts have been devoted to the expansion of the lncRNAs landscape, much about lncRNAs is still unknown due to their great complexity. The development of high-throughput technologies and the constantly improved bioinformatic methods have resulted in a rapid expansion of lncRNA research and relevant databases. In this review, we introduced genome-wide research of lncRNAs in three parts: (i) novel lncRNA identification by high-throughput sequencing and computational pipelines; (ii) functional characterization of lncRNAs by expression atlas profiling, genome-scale screening, and the research of cancer-related lncRNAs; (iii) mechanism research by large-scale experimental technologies and computational analysis. Besides, primary experimental methods and bioinformatic pipelines related to these three parts are summarized. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive and systemic overview of lncRNA genome-wide research strategies and indicate a genome-wide lncRNA research system.

长非编码 RNA (lncRNA) 已被证实在多个物种的各种生物过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。尽管人们为扩大 lncRNA 领域做出了许多努力，但由于其高度复杂性，关于 lncRNA 的许多内容仍然未知。高通量技术的发展和生物信息学方法的不断完善导致lncRNA研究和相关数据库迅速扩展。在这篇综述中，我们分三个部分介绍了lncRNA的全基因组研究：（i）通过高通量测序和计算流程进行新型lncRNA鉴定；(ii) 通过表达图谱分析、基因组规模筛选以及癌症相关lncRNA的研究来表征lncRNA的功能；(iii) 通过大规模实验技术和计算分析进行机理研究。此外，还总结了与这三个部分相关的主要实验方法和生物信息学流程。本综述旨在对lncRNA全基因组研究策略进行全面、系统的概述，并提出全基因组lncRNA研究体系。