Meat and aquatic products are susceptible to spoilage during distribution, transportation, and storage, increasing the urgency of freshness evaluation. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) typically with the diameter in the range of 1–100 nm exhibit fascinating physicochemical properties. ENMs-based sensing systems have received extensive attention for food freshness assessment due to the advantages of being fast, simple, and sensitive. This review focuses on summarizing the recent application of ENMs-based sensing systems for food freshness detection. First, chemical indicators related to the freshness of meat and aquatic products are described. Then, how to apply the ENMs including noble metal nanomaterials, metal oxide nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials, and metal–organic frameworks for the construction of different sensing systems were described. Besides, the recent advance in ENMs-based colorimetric, fluorescent, electrochemical, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensing systems for assessing the freshness of meat and aquatic products were outlined. Finally, the challenges and future research perspectives for the application of ENMs-based sensing systems were discussed. The ENMs-based sensing systems have been demonstrated as effective tools for freshness evaluation. The sensing performance of ENMs employed in different sensing systems depends on their composition, size, shape, and stability of nanoparticles. For the real application of ENMs in food industries, the risks and regulatory issues associated with nanomaterials need to be further considered. With the continuous development of nanomaterials and sensing devices, the ENMs-based sensors are expected to be applied in-field for rapid detection of the freshness of meat and aquatic products in the future.

中文翻译：

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用于评估肉类和水产品新鲜度的基于工程纳米材料的传感系统：最先进的综述

肉类、水产品在流通、运输、贮存过程中容易腐败变质，增加了新鲜度评价的紧迫性。通常直径在 1-100 nm 范围内的工程纳米材料 (ENM) 表现出迷人的物理化学性质。基于 ENMs 的传感系统由于具有快速、简单和灵敏的优点，在食品新鲜度评估方面受到了广泛关注。本综述重点总结了基于 ENMs 的传感系统在食品新鲜度检测中的最新应用。首先，描述了与肉类和水产品新鲜度相关的化学指标。然后，描述了如何将包括贵金属纳米材料、金属氧化物纳米材料、碳纳米材料和金属有机框架在内的ENM应用于构建不同的传感系统。此外，概述了用于评估肉类和水产品新鲜度的基于 ENMs 的比色、荧光、电化学和表面增强拉曼光谱传感系统的最新进展。最后，讨论了基于 ENMs 的传感系统应用面临的挑战和未来的研究前景。基于 ENMs 的传感系统已被证明是新鲜度评估的有效工具。不同传感系统中使用的 ENM 的传感性能取决于它们的组成、尺寸、形状和纳米粒子的稳定性。对于 ENM 在食品行业的实际应用，需要进一步考虑与纳米材料相关的风险和监管问题。随着纳米材料和传感器件的不断发展，